Answers to Quiz#2
1-4.  During the 1800s in England, the industrial revolution resulted in a change in the environment which led to a change in the frequency of individuals with dark wings in the pouplations of peppered moths adjacent to industrialized regions.
       1.  What is the term used to describe the change over time in the color of moths?
             a.  evolution      b.  genetic  drift      c.  gene flow      d.  mutation      e.  natural selection
          ANSWER=a:  Note--you will see some of these questions on the exam; be careful to distinguish between knowing what the change over time is called (=evolution) versus the mechanisms or processes that caused that change over time (genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, one of the three types of natural selection).

       2.  Once the bark was coated with soot, the mechanism that led to most of the individuals having dark colored wings, rather than the light colored wings with spots is called?
             a.  evolution      b.  genetic  drift      c.  gene flow      d.  mutation      e.  natural selection
          ANSWER=e

        3.  Suppose England cut down the dark bark trees; and the new trees had either very light bark w/no spots (lichen) or light bark with spots (lichen).  What would you predict would happen to wing color in the peppered moths after about 50 generations?
            a.  most moths in the population would have dark wings
            b.  most moths in the population would have light wings
            c.  there would be an equal number of dark and light winged moths, but few individuals with the intermediate wing color (light with spots)
            d.  most moths would be intermediate between light and dark winged moths (light w/spots) or have light wings with no spots
          ANSWER=d

       4.  The mechanism that results in the change detailed in question #3 is called?
          a.  evolution       b.  genetic drift         c.  stabilizing selection      d.  directional selection      e.  disruptive selection
       ANSWER=d  This is NOT disruptive selection because one of the extremes of the trait (dark-winged) is decreasing as they are seen and eaten by birds while the other extreme is increasing (light-winged) because the moths can hide against similar-colored bark while the intermediates are also increasing.  Since one extreme is decreasing and one extreme is increasing this = directional selection.  To be disruptive selection BOTH of the trait extremes have to be increasing while the intermediate would decrease.

5.  Two species of lizard are found in the same area.  They look exactly alike and behave exactly alike.  In fact, females from one species will occasionally mate with the males of another species.  However, no offspring ever hatch from these matings.  What type of reproductive isolation is this?
    a.  behavioral         b.  hybrid infertility      c.  ecological      d.  zygote mortality      e.  genetic drift
    ANSWER=d

6.  If speciation occurs in the example above, which model of speciation would describe the event?
    a.  behavioral      b.  allopatric      c.  hybrid vigor      d.  parapatric      e.  none of the above
    ANSWER=since the lizards are found in the SAME place, the answer is sympatric speciation.  That answer is not present so the best choice is "e:  none of the above".