Once the war began he joined the Confederate Army at Camp Beauregard, outside of Jackson, Tennessee, as a private on May 23, 1861. He and other men from Weakley County were placed in Company G of the 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

During the war, Van Buren would see action at the Battle of Perryville where he would be wounded and taken prisoner. He later served three months as a prisoner in both Camp Dent, Kentucky and Camp Douglas, Illinois. Following his exchange he rejoined his unit and was again wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga. After three months of recuperation he returned to his unit to assist in the defense of Georgia. On October 17, 1864, the war would finally come to an end for him as he took the Oath of Allegiance at Nashville. The oath would list his residence as Montgomery County, his complexion fair, his hair light, his eyes blue and his height 5' 10".

After the war Van Buren attended the Louisville Medical School and attained his degree as a doctor. He returned to Weakley County and his family farm where he began a successful medical practice and continued to farm. He would marry twice, first to Mary F. White in 1869 and then to Judith F. Chambers following the former's death in 1872. He was the father of three daughters and two sons. Van Buren Oldham died on August 15, 1884 at the young age 44. He is believed to be buried on the old family plot near Sandy Branch Church.

Return to Appendix

History of the 9^th Tennessee Infantry

The regiment was ordered to Union City in July of 1861 for instruction and training. By the fall, the 9^th Tennessee was stationed at Camp Blythe near New Madrid, Missouri. After winter encampment at Columbus, Kentucky, the regiment was sent to Corinth, Mississippi in March of 1862. At the Battle of Shiloh, the 9^th Tennessee first saw action as it took part in gallant charge which would cost the unit over 60 casualties. Following the battle the regiment moved to Chattanooga to prepare for the invasion of Kentucky.

At the Battle of Perryville, the 9^th Tennessee suffered high casualties as the regiment was marched into an open field and lost 158 men. The regiment retreated with the rest of the brigade to Knoxville, Tennessee. From Knoxville the regiment traveled to Murfreesburo where it was consolidated with the 6^th Tennessee Infantry.

The newly consolidated regiment would participate in the Battles of Murfreesboro in December of 1862. During the early months of 1863 the unit retreated further into southeast Tennessee and northwest Georgia. The regiment went into winter quarters at Shelbyville, Tennessee until June when it marched to Chattanooga. At the Battle of Chickamauga, the 6^th and 9^th Tennessee lost over half their men that were engaged. By late fall the regiment would again see action in the Battle of Missionary Ridge. They would fall back upon Dalton, Georgia where the remnants of the 6^th and 9^th Tennessee went into winter quarters.

During the spring and summer of 1864, the regiment was engaged in the numerous skirmishes and battles in the campaign for Atlanta. At the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain they would take heavy casualties at the famous "Dead Angle". Before the year ended, the regiment would march and fight in the Battles of Franklin and Nashville. In early 1865, the rag-tag regiment found there way to North Carolina under the General Joseph E. Johnston. On April 9, 1865, the 6^th and 9^th Tennessee were reorganized with six other regiments to form the 1^st Tennessee Consolidated Infantry Regiment which served until May 1, 1865 when it was paroled in Greensboro, North Carolina. Of the two thousand men that were mustered into both the 6^th and 9^th Tennessee only around one hundred would be paroled that day.

Return to Appendix

Physical Description of Diaries

- 7.5 x 12.5 centimeters

- 170 pages

1864 Diary

- 11 x 18 centimeters

- 114 pages

Return to Appendix

January, 1863

I am still a prisoner but have enjoyed myself as well as those who are not. I was at a party last night and danced until 2 o'clock. I am very sleepy and must rest. Morgan reported near.

Friday, January 2

Had a horse to carry to Mr. Van's. Went down this evening. Came back to Eldorado with Miss A- and went home with her to stay over the night. I have passed all the day finely.

Saturday, January 3

Started home this morning in a carriage in company of Miss A- and Mr. Heardal. We were ordered to report for parole. Left this a.m. in Winch[ester] with Elliot to Harrods[burg]. Ordered to be ready to start South.

Sunday, January 4

Went to Providence Church with Miss A- . Returned to Mr. B's Inn. In the evening Major Turner, Mr. Woods and other gentlemen called on us. I am making preparations to leave in morning.

Monday, January 5

Reported at Harrodsburg and was sent under escort of cavalry. They furnished transportation and rations to Danville. A large crowd of citizens at the former place to see us start. I went in a buggy.

Tuesday, January 6

Came into Lexington this morning. The day was bitter cold. We are locked up in a jail and I begin to realize what it is to be a prisoner. Met several of my fellow prisoners here.

Wednesday, January 7

Started this morning on the cars amid the shouts and cheers of the men and women for Louisville. Reached the prison at 11 o'clock. Marching through the streets some ladies shouted for Jeff Davis.

Thursday, January 8

This has been my first day in a military prison - Camp Dent. I have had time to look round [and] learned the jailers, gar[rison] and so and have concluded that to stay here one month is equal to death. Lice are troublesome.

Friday, January 9

I find I [mind] as well content myself on for we will not leave here for some days yet. Rumors are a float that we will leave immediately but I have no confidence in any of that.

Saturday, January 10

Seventy-five more prisoners arrived. I am getting impatient to be moved from this place. The way we are starving does not badly hush my feelings. More political prisoners have arrived. I am expecting letters.

Sunday, January 11

What a beautiful Sabbath. It reminds me of days past when our country was blessed with peace and I could visit the quiet country church. Now I am a prisoner of war. We will be shipped to Camp Chase tomorrow.

Monday, January 12

This day like all others spent in prison has passed with anxiety to hear from our friends and [am] impatient to be released. We were to depart for Camp Chase today. Now it is to[morrow] morning. I long for the changes.

Tuesday, January 13

This day if possible has been more lonesome than any I have passed in prison. All are wearing long faces. Being disappointed so often I have at most discharged [thoughts] of leaving here under several weeks.

Wednesday, January 14

It has rained all day confining us within doors. It is now confidentially ascertained we would have started South today had it not rained. It is said preparations are being made to start in the morning.

Thursday, January 15

Called out early this morning with bag and baggage to start South. It is snowing fast. Snow already six inches deep. Crossed the river at Portland [near Louisville] and went aboard the cars. The snow is too deep for us to move.

Friday, January 16

Started this morning and been traveling all day on the Ohio and Miss[issippi] R[ail]R[oad]. Prospects are bright for an early exchange. I am in fine spirits. Our rations are short. We have nothing but crackers.

Saturday, January 17

Reached Cairo in the morning, found transports and other prisoners waiting for us. Soon started down the river, first being searched. We are now laying at the wharf at Columbus, K[entuck]y.

Sunday, January 18

It seems we are doomed to suffer disappointment. Instead of going onto Vicksburg we turned back and after waiting a while at Cairo for a pilot. [We are] now steaming up the Miss[issippi] River.

Monday, January 19

I begin to feel the effects of being carried on transports. For twenty-five dollars five of us have rented a state room. I do not know yet why we were turned back. Our destination is said to be St. Louis.

Tuesday, January 20

Every stroke of the engine bears us further and further away from our friends. The cabin of our steamer is crowded with sick. The small pox is said to be on the boat.

Wednesday, January 21

I have written two letters today. One to Mr. Bohon* [of] K[entuck]y an[d] another home. I will mail them whenever we stop. The other steamer accompanying us was grounded last night but is now coming up.

*Believed to be William F. Bohon, a farmer and merchant from Harrodsburg, Kentucky.

Thursday, January 22

Reached St. Louis this morning and while laying at the wharf I obtained permission to go a shore to mail my letters. Got drunk as a fool trying to get the guard drunk. We have drifted down to an island and are now waiting marching [orders].

Friday, January 23

Went a shore on the island this morning to wait until the boat carried the sick to the city hospital. We learned that the small pox hospital is on this island. We are now on board again.

Saturday, January 24

Steaming up the Miss[issippi] passed St. Louis. Our destination is said to be Alton, Ill[inois]. I am very unwell and hope we will stop some place soon.

Sunday, January 25

Reached Alton Ill[inois] and are now at anchor off the city. I do not think we will stop here. I am so sick I would be willing to stop most any place. There are other prisoners here.

Monday, January 26

Shipped aboard the cars on the Louis[ville], Alton and Chicago Railroad. We are now rolling along to Springfield [Illinois], which place we will reach sometime in the night. I am get[ting] very sick.

Tuesday, January 27

Passed Springfield and came onto Chicago. We are now interned in barracks at Camp Douglas, three miles from the city and on the shore of Lake Michigan. I am sick enough to enter the hospital.

Wednesday, January 28

I have kept [to] my bed the whole of the day. I have made an effort to get to the hospital but failed. The Ark[ansas] post prisoners who accompanied us are expected here tonight.

Thursday, January 29

I am no better today. All my efforts to get into the hospital have proved fruitless. They say we are to move to another barracks finding room for Ark[ansas] post prisoners.

Friday, January 30

We have moved to [other] barracks [made] in White Oak I guess. No hospital, no surgeon. Must a man die without attention. I feel a little better tonight but my fever will soon return.

Saturday, January 31

Made several attempts to procure the attendance of a surgeon but failed. I am not able to walk to the p[ost] surgeon's office for him to examine and to give medicine.

Return to Appendix

February, 1863

I was soon delivered after writing the above. Mr. Anderson belonging to my right, hearing of my situation [and] being himself a missionary in a hospital, secured me a cot furnishing it with his own blankets and obtained a pillow for me and moved me to the hospital. I shall feel under many obligations to him, for his kindness in manifesting a camp officer. Also to Mr. Davis of the same regiment who with Mr. Anderson kindly helped me supply my every want in far as was in their power.

Wednesday, February 4

[No entry]

Thursday, February 5

I shall resume my diary today. Several days have passed like a dream. I have suffered much but think I an getting better now. My disease is [the] fever.

Friday, February 6

A very dull day for the hospital. I have no appetite to eat anything yet but fear when my appetite does return it will cause me to make myself sick by eating too much. I am still improving.

Saturday, February 7

I have not felt so well today, but I am getting better. Satisfied in mind, I have written a letter home for someone to come and see me and bring me medicine. I shall have [to] be better satisfied.

Sunday, February 8

Another Sabbath day has rolled around bringing with it sweet recollections of church visiting while in Kentucky. There are a great many patients in the hospital and many die.

Monday, February 9

I am still in the hospital and swallowing Yankee medicine. I am still convalescing. My appetite is improving so I look to leave here soon. Three of four die daily in this ward and I can not say who is [to] be faulted.

Tuesday, February 10

Learning that [no one] is allowed to visit the prison. I gave up all hope of seeing anyone from home and have written to them not to come but send me money by mail. I also wrote to cousin E. Clarkson.

Wednesday, February 11

My appetite is now as ravenous as a wolf. I still try not to eat too much for I fear I may relapse. I am taking some medicine and the D[octo]r says I may leave soon for the barracks.

Thursday, February 12

I don't think there is too much danger of me eating too much. Rations are scarce or we have a small allowance. Roffe* who came in the hospital with sore throat left today because he could not get enough to eat.

*Assumed to br Private J. C. Roffe of Company K 31^st Tennessee Infantry (recruited in Weakley County) and may have been captured at Perryville.

Friday, February 13

It is time I was receiving a letter from K[entuck]y. I also begin to look for one from home. Gradually as my disease abates my old fever of restlessness returns. I wonder how long I am to be a prisoner.

Saturday, February 14

A letter was handed to me from my benefactor Mr. Bohon [of] K[entuck]y. Its contents offer me much pleasure. He tells me I may expect another one soon. I have been sewing on some handkerchiefs.

Sunday, February 15

Another Sabbath day found me still in the hospital. I have answered and mailed my letter to Mr. Bohon. I walked out today for the 1st time since being here. The atmosphere was bitter cold.

Monday, February 16

I moved to the barracks today. I found my bunk unoccupied save by [the] two Hagg's*, Roffe and Mr. Keaton** my [loyal] companions. I do not feel as I wish. I lack exercise so very much.

*Privates Andrew J. and James Hagg of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

**Assumed to be Private C. L. Keaton Company H 9^th Tennessee Infantry which was recruited in Obion County.

Tuesday, February 17

Today is my first [day] I have no disease but fear acquaintances in the barracks. One hundred thirty five of us our crowded under one roof about fifty of whom are Morgan's men. The most laziest crowd I ever saw.

Wednesday, February 18

One of Morgans's men - Fitch - is Sergeant [who is] to call roll and draw rations. My same old restlessness has returned. I want freedom. I have visited the offices several times today but there were no letters for me.

Thursday, February 19

The day has been dark and gloomy one. Since noon it has been raining incessantly. I have been confined within doors the whole day only going to the post office to be disappointed as usual.

Friday, February 20

The rain has ceased and snow is falling. I received a letter today from one whom I long to see. Its contents, though not anticipated, afforded me [quite a bit of] pleasure. Oh, when will this cursed war end.

Saturday, February 21

After making six ineffectual attempts, I have at last since succeed in answering the letter I received yesterday. My mind was confused. I wrote so plain I fear the consequences in the next letter.

Sunday, February 22

We heard 5 prisoners of ours were exchanged today. The wind is chilling and tough when exposed to its blasts. As normal there is much talk and speculation about when we are going to be sent South.

Monday, February 23

Is it not strange that every month is considered with so much anxiety by me. I was mustered into the army 21 months ago on this day. The return of which brought to my mind vivid recollections.

Tuesday, February 24

The opportunity being afforded a good many of the prisoners are taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. Those who take it are mostly Texans and Arkansans. The small pox is spreading rapidly.

Wednesday, February 25

Passing Headquarters today I was really surprised to see so many of the prisoners hanging around to get to take the oath. A great many of these men will go to our army again.

Thursday, February 26

A considerable change in the atmosphere since morning. Most of those fellows that are taking the oath are the "scrapings of creation". A man died in our room this morning.

Friday, February 27

Papers today bring intelligence of Morgan at Harrodsburg, K[entuck]y. For once I am sorry he has ventured so far. He will interrupt my communications with friends at that place. Feeling unwell, I have procured some pills to take.

Saturday, February 28

I feel some better today than I did yesterday. I have almost despaired of receiving any letters from home. I know my correspondents have had time enough to write before Morgan entered K[entuck]y. Why don't I receive a letter.

Return to Appendix

March, 1863

This was a day rendered memorable by the evacuation of Columbus, K[entuck]y by General Polk in '62. I was there with him, now I am a prisoner. What changes. The day has not appeared like a Sabbath.

Monday, March 2

I have until now [ended any hopes] that we would be exchanged by the 15 inst[ant]. My hopes have vanished and I now believe the fate of Vicksburg will be first decided. Had snow enough last night. I am at work on a finger ring.

Tuesday, March 3

One day without rain. The snow is melting and the ground is very soft. So dismal. I have expected letters but none came. If we were to credit Madam Rumor, she tells we are to leave soon.

Wednesday, March 4

Today is the anniversary of the inauguration of one of the despots of the age - Abe Lincoln. Papers state that arrangements have been made for the exchange of prisoners.

Thursday, March 5

A letter from my precious today, although not containing such assurances as the first but nonetheless appreciated. Could I but receive one from home. I had my cloths washed today.

Friday, March 6

Wrote three letters today. One in answer to the one I received yesterday, another home and one to my uncle at Clarksville, Tenn[essee]. Washed myself good. Anointed myself with M - ointment to prevent lice and put on clean clothes.

Saturday, March 7

Wrote to W. E. [Tuter] of West K[entuck]y. Spring is nearby. I hear from home. Mr. Roffe received a letter from a friend in K[entuck]y with five dollars enclosed. He let me have fifty cents of his money.

Sunday, March 8

This Sabbath has been a dull one and I have been restless the whole day not venturing to leave my bunk to go to the offices. I almost hate to see the Sabbath come unless I were free to enjoy it.

Monday, March 9

The day has been very cold. Our rations as usual are falling short. We had a lunch of biscuit and molasses out of our own purses. I am all impatient because there was no letter for me.

Tuesday, March 10

I have a severe cold. My arm which I had vaccinated and has been so painful for several days is getting well. I am hopeful it will keep me from taking the small pox.

Wednesday, March 11

Andrew Hagg surprised me today by taking the oath and starting home leaving his brother here. He tells us he is going into our army again. We miss him very much. He was so lively.

Thursday, March 12

Up to the present, five men who have taken the [oath] from this room. Most all [are] Ky's [Kentuckians]. I have received no letters from K[entuck]y yet something must have gone wrong. Perhaps I write too plain.

Friday, March 13

I yet feel the effects of my cold. Hopefully it will not prove severe. The number of cases of small pox is rapidly increasing. Mortality from this and other diseases multiply every day.

Saturday, March 14

A letter from K[entuck]y. I feel very unwell. I have answered but did not mail my letter. I learn today [that] some men are going to take the oath and go to Mercer Co[unty, Kentucky]. I will write by them to my friends.

Sunday, March 15

Wrote several contraband letters but tore them to pieces for the boys would not like to carry them out sealed. Another sudden change in the atmosphere [making ] this day a very cold one.

Monday, March 16

Six of Morgan's men are taking the oath. I sent a letter by one of them. I also wrote and mailed a letter to one [Milt Laraine] an associate of mine while in K[entuck]y.

Tuesday, March 17

I cooked for the mess today. After noon the rain came pouring down in torrents. A violin was brought in by someone and most all joined in a dance while it was raining.

Wednesday, March 18

I wrote two letters today, one to miss Kate Davis another to Dr. Reed both of K[entuck]y. I hope to hear from them soon. The atmosphere is very cold today and the wind blows hard.

Thursday, March 19

The wind and sleet blows hard from the lake and the day is bitter cold. I managed to borrow a novel today and have been reading to pass the time.

Friday, March 20

Woke up this morning to find a heavy snow on the ground but it melted during the day. I received a letter from cousin Ellen Cherry offering me money or clothing if she knew how to send them.

Saturday, March 21

Answered the letter stating she desired she could send money by mail. I enclosed in my letter the rings of my own making. The camp is a solid sheet of mud and water. I have been at work on a ring.

Sunday, March 22

A case of small pox was carried out of our barracks today. I feel very unwell and fear that I am taking the disease. It has been raining incessantly all day.

Monday, March 23

Another cold rainy day. The ground is getting muddy. We are without coal or wood today. We have been without rations.

Tuesday, March 24

The rain has ceased but pedestrians are in danger of misery in the mud. The boys are indignant. A rumor [is] going the rounds that we are to be retained as hostages for Negroes not exchanged.

Wednesday, March 25

I wonder if it were to rain here in August [if] a snow storm would follow. In consequence of non-receipt of letters from her I love in K[entuck]y. I fear all is not right.

Thursday, March 26

I again have a very bad cold. Another case of small pox in our barracks this time close by my side. Rumor that we are to leave soon creates considerable excitement. I pay but little note to them.

Friday, March 27

I have asked today nothing. Standing I feel very unwell. Others are receiving letters from neighbors of my correspondents. I have [waited] for one at least seventy days. Are my correspondents inconsistent?

Saturday, March 28

Snow again today but it melted as fast as it fell. Rumors that we leave soon are now credited. The letters I wrote sometime since must have been stopped here.

Sunday, March 29

Preparations are being made to send us South. I learn that we are to leave five hundred each day until all are gone. Am I going to leave tomorrow? I am in trouble about my letters and money forwarded.

Monday, March 30

This is the last day I hope to chronicle in this place. God grant it may be so. Our rations have been drawn and cooked and we are to start for City Point, V[irgini]a tomorrow morning.

Tuesday, March 31

Taking the cars this morning on the Pitts[burg], Fort W[ayne] & Ch[icago] R[ail] R[oad]. The day was bitter cold, resembling the one on which we left Louisville. We are now one hundred miles from Chicago. Farewell, Bastille.

Return to Appendix

April, 1863

The train ran off at 2 a.m. smashing five boxes. Each box contained forty-one men but no one was hurt. I was jolted a little. After supplying us with new cars the track was cleared.

Thursday, April 2

Reached Pittsburgh, P[ennsylvani]a, changed cars and are again going forward this morning. We have four hundred miles to travel before reaching Balt[imore]. We are on the Penn[sylvania] R[ail] R[oad], it is the 1^st double track road I ever saw.

Friday, April 3

Came in sight of Harrisburg. Switched off on the Southern Cen[tral] R[ail] R[oad]. Found Secesh at York and other places in Penn[sylvania]. Reached Baltimore about 10 p.m. and was marched under a strict police aboard a schooner.

Saturday, April 4

The wind blew a severe gale the whole of the afternoon. The bay was so rough that most all were made sea sick. I have been vomiting. In consequence to dense fog, we have entered Hampton Roads.

Sunday, April 5

Weighed anchor, moved up to the fort but could not land for [unknown] cause. Backed on out and cast anchor, soon changed boats for City Point. Drew some cooked rations late this evening. The first we have had to eat in two days.

Monday, April 6

Wrote to Mr. Bohon this morning, would have wrote Miss A - but I was too much confused. Reached City Point early but we[re] not received until late in the day. We are on cars for Petersburg.

Tuesday, April 7

Time in this triumphal march has brought me again to my national land. With what motives of pride and joy I can look around me and oh how thankful I should be that I am again permitted to breath the air of freedom.

Wednesday, April 8

We were started off today with cooked rations for our command's three hundred and fifty of us now. Prisoners arrived at Petersburg as we were leaving. We go to Lynchburg and not to Richmond as anticipated.

Thursday, April 9

Ran off the track at 2 a.m., nobody hurt. After considerable delay we again started. Reached Lynchburg at night. We have no rations will stay over here until morning and then draw rations.

Friday, April 10

Drew rations and started for Bristol. Eighteen miles from Lynchburg [we] ran off the track smashing five boxes, killing one and wounding eleven. One of my acquaintances Willis Gillium was wounded.

*Most probably Willis N. Gillium of the 31^st Tennessee Infantry and fellow resident of Weakley County, Tennessee.

Saturday, April 11

In consequence of the "run off" and bad roads we lay over at Liberty last night. I find everything selling at enormous prices here. Corn at $40 per bushel, etc. Will change cars at Bristol. I am get[ting] weary of travelling.

Sunday, April 12

Reached Bristol just at night[fall]. This town is on the V[irgini]a and Tenn[essee] line. I can look before me and see my native state. I do not know whether we will run or stay over night.

Monday, April 13

Drew rations during the night and started at 4 a.m. the roads improve as we go west. It is my opinion that we are travel[ing] through the garden spot of E[ast] Tenn[essee]. Tenn[essee] is some fine country. We find the bridges all guarded here.

Tuesday, April 14

Reached Knoxville during the night. This morning drew rations and moved off for Chatt[anooga]. Our locomotive exploded her boiler delaying us some time before we could get another. Will reach Chatt[anooga] some time in the night.

Wednesday, April 15

Experienced some of the soldiers life on reaching Chatt[nooga]. It rained all night and we were forced to take it. Reached a camping ground, drew rations, tents and c[lothes] and are now pretty comfortable.

Thursday, April 16

After the absence of six months, I have reached the point where I started into K[entuck]y before being wounded and [made] a prisoner. I visited my old camping ground. The boys have been ordered to clean up and get clear of lice.

Friday, April 17

Well knowing that I have more clothes than I could carry during the summer. I have left with Mr. Gillespie* 1 overcoat, 1 vest, and 2 shirts. It is thought we will remain here sometime on account of small pox.

*Private John M. Gillespie of Company F 35^th Tennessee Mounted Infantry.

Saturday, April 18

Procured the loan of tubs, kettle and etc. near the foot of L[ook] O[ut] Mountain. Washed all my clothes that were dirty. Another squad of ex-prisoners and are being sent to their commands.

Sunday, April 19

This is a beautiful Sabbath which brought to my mind recollections of humility. Though I do not desire to enter another battle, I feel it [is] my duty. I desire to [be] sent out to my command. A pleasant shower of rain this evening.

Monday, April 20

All of my mess have gone to wash today leaving me with one other to cook dinner. One of my mess, belonging to Blythes Batt[alion], ran away this morning to go to the command. A great many are running off daily. Some going home.

Tuesday, April 21

James Hagg and myself went a fishing today on the creek but caught no fish. The clouds threaten rain and one tent is bad, so I dread the night.

Wednesday, April 22

Woke up this morning to find it had been raining on me all night. The day has been a rainy one. I visited one of the hovels in the suburbs today to see what kind of people dwell there. My convictions were realized.

Thursday, April 23

These mornings are [damp and] cold but Old Sol dries away the dews rendering the days pleasant. I wrote my capt[ain] today to send me my descriptive role. I need money for our tents repair. I called to check the small pox.

Friday, April 24

A requisition for drawing clothing and more cooking utensils was made today indicating we will stay here sometime. Some of the boys that ran off to their command have been brought back.

Saturday, April 25

Some clothing for us is here ready for issue. I went fishing again today but the same ill luck. It is talked that we are to be put on some duty here until the small pox entirely disappears.

Sunday, April 26

I drew 1 p[ai]r of pants today and two p[ai]r drawers. The pants will cost me $12, the drawers a $1.80. I went to the river and washed myself good. I am going to put on cotton clothes and send my torn ones to Gillespie to keep for me.

Monday, April 27

More exchanged prisoners arrived this morning and having the small pox among them, have gone into camp. [General Braxton] Bragg passed through the city yesterday en route for Atlanta [to visit] his family.

Tuesday, April 28

Had a rainy night and cloudy morning but a beautiful [invigorating] evening. I learned that it is probable we will leave soon for our command. Acting accordingly, I carried the remainder of my woolen clothes to Gillespie.

Wednesday, April 29

How I am glad to get a letter through to K[entuck]y is an injustice that has occupied my mind during the day and every day. Did I not promise her I would make some arrangements to send her letters. I know that she wishes to hear from me.

Thursday, April 30

In my descriptive roll for which I wrote Capt[ain] Hall has come and I am preparing to draw four months pay. Some men left today going into K[entuck]y. Why did I not know and send a letter.

Return to Appendix

May, 1863

I have felt somewhat unwell today having acted very imprudently and taken cold. Orders were received this evening from Adj[utant] Gen[eral] to the effect that we were all exchanged. We elected temporary officers this evening but I do not think we will remain here long.

Saturday, May 2

Moved our camp 3 miles from the city today as if we were going to stay here some time. Still of the opinion we will leave soon. Received a letter from old mess mate Bob Davis* at Shelbyville, all the boys he says are well.

*Assumed to be Private J. R. Davis of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry. He was wounded and captured at the Battle of Perryville.

Sunday, May 3

Our camp's are lonely situated and today has been an uncommonly lonesome day. Toward evening Mr. Cooksey* and myself went to the country and [had] taken supper with Mrs. Moore for 50 [cents] each.

*Assumed to be Private Marshall E. Cooksey of Company B of the 4^th Tennessee Cavalry.

Monday, May 4

It rained very hard last night inundating the whole camp. I was rushed out of my bed and went out to a widow woman's house and slept most of the night. Six hundred (600) Yankees who venture to Rome, G[eorgi]a were captured by [Gen. Nathan Bedford] Forrest.

Tuesday, May 5

The news of Forrest's victory is confirmed. I went out with some others and bought a peacock for our breakfast in the morning. Paroled ex-prisoners will be going to their commands tomorrow. We will go in a day or two.

Wednesday, May 6

The prisoners did not go off as anticipated. Some will go tomorrow. I have been thinking seriously of going to [the] country today. The atmosphere is very cold for the season. I have been chilled the whole day.

Thursday, May 7

[General William Joseph] Hardee's men went off today. [General Lucius Eugene] Polk's will go tomorrow. A battle has been fought in V[irgini]a. The particulars are not yet known but sufficient [information] is known to satisfy us that the rebels are victorious. Stonewall Jackson lost left arm.

Friday, May 8

I started from Chattanooga early this morning and reached my regiment after night without much difficulty. I found two of my mess mates missing James Mitchell*, died at Knoxville and G. Boyd [returned] but has been relieved.

*Private J. T. Mitchell of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Saturday, May 9

Jim Julian* was the only man killed in my old company at Murfreesburo. I find considerable change in the right. [Colonel Charles S.] Hurt whom I wished to see is absent sick and [Colonel George C.] Porter of the 6^th Tenn[essee Infantry] is in command.

*Private L. J. Julian of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Sunday, May 10

The regiment after being in the chill was then to get on finely. I went on to Chattanooga for the Daily Rebel, [that] I must read. I find the regiments marching proud. Several professions of religion has been made and prayer meetings are held each night.

Monday, May 11

The regiment went out in review today. I did not go. In the fight in V[irgini]a we captured over 6,000 prisoners. News has reached us that Stonewall Jackson is dead. If so, this is an awful blow to the Confederacy.

Tuesday, May 12

I went out in drill but was rather weary as my head [since] wounded sometimes effects me. I hope the drills in warmer weather will not hurt me. I found the company under Captain [James I.] Hall much better drilled than others.

Wednesday, May 13

Drilled hard today as usual but I am getting better used to it. The Rebel from which I subscribe to a few days ago has not yet arrived. It is reported that [General] Kirby Smith has defeated [General Nathaniel P.] Banks in L[ouisian]a. No particulars of engagement.

Thursday, May 14

Nothing new from Smith. We had no drill this morning for some unknown cause. I paid $7.50 for one gallon of whiskey this evening. It is the last I will purchase at that price. Besides, I care nothing for it unless I see others drink.

Friday, May 15

The Rebel came this morning. Nothing to dispel the dull monotony of camp life, besides another day of hard drill. Our captain is very rigid and will depart for no instance [on] a single [iota] from Army regulations.

Saturday, May 16

A battle has been fought in Miss[issippi]. [General Ulysses S.] Grant is reported as having possession of Jackson. I am anxious to hear from this quarter. No military exercises today. It being a day generally devoted to sweeping and cleaning up.

Sunday, May 17

The news of Grant's possessing Jackson is confirmed. Our man had to fall back before superior numbers. I feel some anxiety about Vicksburg as the place is successfully flanked. I hope for better [news].

Monday, May 18

We have rumors again today that Jackson has been evacuated by the Federals. Also that [General William S.] Rosecrans is advancing on us here. Let him come. We are anxious to see him in front of our rifle pits.

Tuesday, May 19

The news of yesterday is confirmed. The Yankees have destroyed a large amount of property, both public and private. I am hoping [General Joseph E.] Johnston and [General John C.] Pemberton will not let them leave without a fight.

Wednesday, May 20

Visited Shelbyville for the first time. It has but little attraction for the soldiers though in time of peace I would imagine it quite a pleasant retreat. I bought 1 [pair of] pants, one pair of suspenders and one shirt for which I spent $25.

Thursday, May 21

My feet have been sore and painful from [the] effects of yesterday's drill and walk to town. In consequence of a picnic not far distant, we had no battalion drill this evening. Most of the field officers objected [to this].

Friday, May 22

After company drill we packed up and moved our encampment toward and near Shelbyville. All of our blankets, etc. were hauled. The usual bustle and excitement [was] attached upon such occasion.

Saturday, May 23

This day two years ago I was made a soldier. I now have twelve more months of service [until] my time is up. We have been cleaning up the new encampment. I also wrote some letters.

Sunday, May 24

Wrote a letter today to Miss A-V of K[entuck]y. Would to God I could receive one from her but I have no hope until the accursed war is closed. I also wrote home. Dispatched my letters by Mr. Haywood.

Monday, May 25

No duty but a little sweeping of the grounds. Bishop Ellroth of Georgia preached to us from the Col[onel's] quarters. Capt[ain] B. [J.] Roberts*, who was wounded at Perryville and went home from Harrodsburg, came in from Weakley Co[unty].

*Captain B. J. Roberts was Captain of Company A of the 31^st Tennessee Infantry, also known as the "Western Stars", which was recruited in Weakley County.

Tuesday, May 26

Hon[orable] [Clemet L.] Vallandigham, [from]a city in of the North and Democratic partisan opposing the war and Lincoln's administration, has been banished and reached our lines today. He is no Southern man and should be sent back immediately.

Wednesday, May 27

I slept without a blanket last night and have taken much cold and feel very bad. I have performed duties notwithstanding. News from Vicksburg cheery but have some fear for the safety of that place.

Thursday, May 28

Dispatches from Jackson, Miss[issippi] say "we have repelled the enemy in thirteen assaults made on our works at Vicksburg. I lost a cousin [Charles Cherry] in the Battle of Chancellorsville, V[irgini]a. I saw his name among the list of killed of [the]14^th Tenn[essee] Reg[imen]t.

Friday, May 29

Received a letter from L[ieutenan]t. [John D.] Jenkins, Co[mpany] K informing me of the fall of my cousin Charles Cherry at Chancellorsville. I have been on guard today.

Saturday, May 30

Notwithstanding the rain fell today. We moved our place of encampment on the Murfreesboro Pike 2 miles from Shelbyville. We keep crawling toward the front. Water is [plenty] here.

Sunday, May 31

Our new camping ground needs any for beauty. We have occupied [land which] backs [in] from an inviting shade and the green grass is full for an occupant to repose upon. Water is not plentiful as thought for the springlets muddy.

Return to Appendix

June, 1863

Visited Shelbyville today to get some paper for the boys to write home. I saw Monroe Landrum recently from Weakley Co[unty], Tenn[essee] and heard from him that my folks were well.

Tuesday, June 2

Wrote a letter today to Mr. Bohon of K[entuck]y, also one home and sent them by a lady going through the lines to Weakley Co[unty], Tenn[essee]. Am cooking two days rations for our move.

Wednesday, June 3

Another day finds us after a march of ten or twelve miles within a short distance of the enemy's outpost. The cannons are booming on the right and left of us but I cannot believe the move [toward] battle soon. Another day will tell.

Thursday, June 4

Marched a short distance this morning and formed. The Yanks thought to flank us but we turned to the left too fast for them. We came in sight and received a few shells from them. Their cavalry killed two of our men. We have moved and are now making a new retreat.

Friday, June 5

We were cut off yesterday but happily the enemy did not know it. This morning the left wing of the reg[imen]t was shoved back as a rear guard and the troops marched back to camp. The rain fell in torrents.

Saturday, June 6

Our object in going to the front I guess was to feel the fire of the enemy. We have rested today after our march yesterday through the rain. News from Vicksburg represents our losses for the several engagements - 5,000, enemy 30,000.

Sunday, June 7

The day has been lonesome, notwithstanding, there is someone at all times passing the pike. I have been reading novels and tactics to pass off the time. The wife of one of the company who recently came from West Tenn[essee] has been in camp.

Monday, June 8

Citizens moving in from the front report Rosecrans advancing. We are ready to receive him. We are to move encampment tomorrow again. Some companies have moved today.

Tuesday, June 9

We have occupied new camping grounds at the base of Horse Mountain and convenient to the lines of fortification. I now think our object in moving was to work on these trenches. Much work will be required to clean off our camp.

Wednesday, June 10

It has been raining the whole day and we have remained in our tents. I like our situation very much. We have a good well of water and are handy to forage in the country.

Thursday, June 11

Went to the country today after milk. Paid one dollar for a very common dinner. It looks hard that a soldier getting only 19 dollars per month has to pay $3.50 per week for milk and other comforts.

Friday, June 12

Saw a man shot today for desertion belonging to the division. He appeared calm and self-possessed. Expressed his willingness to die. He was said to have been a desperate character. How severe is military law.

Saturday, June 13

The reg[imen]t was ordered out on fatigue today. Being on guard yesterday I was excused from work. I hope the fortifications may soon be completed and that we may get to fight behind them. We have never done the like.

Sunday, June 14

Went to the country again today and paid another dollar for dinner. Dr. Palmer of N[ew] O[rleans]. Preached to the brig[ade] in the afternoon. Gen[ral] Polk and a number of ladies are present.

Monday, June 15

It is hinted we are about to move soon. Had company drill in the morning. At parade an order was read from Gen[eral] [Benjamin F.] Cheatham to continue the inspections on Sundays which our Christian officers have been trying to change.

Tuesday, June 16

Delegated Lieut[enant] A. M. Boyd to attend a convention at Winchester to nominate candidates for Gov[ernor], etc. He started today and is under orders to report to Gen[eral] [George J.] Pillow. He has not been on duty for sometime having been released at his own request.

Wednesday, June 17

I have worked on fortifications today. The first work of the kind I have done since we left Corinth, Miss[issippi]. [Gen. Richard S.] Ewell has defeated the enemy at Winchester, V[irgini]a capturing a large number of prisoners, stores, etc.

Thursday, June 18

No particulars yet of Ewell's victory and no news from Vicksburg. I am afraid this place has already fallen. We have moved back to our camp ground on [the] Murfreesboro Pike. It seems that we cannot rest in one place.

Friday, June 19

News from Port Hudson to the effect that Gardner had made a sortie out of his entrenchments whipping Banks and capturing several guns. We are cooking rations to carry with us tomorrow to last indefinitely.

Saturday, June 20

We substituted chopping today for ditching and I was unfortunate to cut a tree on my foot laming myself a while. Scouts report an unusual stir in the enemies camp. What is Rosy up to now?

Sunday, June 21

The day has appeared unusually long and dull. Some citizen from Obion Cr[eek] called on the camp from that Co[unty]. Bill Montgomery*, who had been absent on furlough from wounds received at Perryville came in today.

*Private William J. Montgomery of Company G, 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, June 22

We have been at work cleaning up the camp today. In the evening [we] had regimental inspection of arms. Gen[eral] [Robert E.] Lee is in Maryland with his army and to [win] he would carry the war into Africa and make the Yanks quit its efforts.

Tuesday, June 23

We were inspected again today by the Inspector General for this army. Grant has assaulted our works at Vicksburg. He has again been repulsed. If he takes the place it will cost him more than its worth.

Wednesday, June 24

It has been raining the whole day. We went out to work but soon came back without doing much work. Who ever saw so much rain for this time of year. It now bids fair to rain all night.

Thursday, June 25

There was fighting on our right yesterday and today. It has been raining all day. It is rumored that Vicksburg has fallen. I am going to a wedding in the country tonight as soon as the roll is called. Several will go with me. All without permission.

Friday, June 26

Rosy is advancing and we were ordered to keep two days' cooked rations in our packs. It seems our men were involved in the fight in our right yesterday and the day before. I went to the wedding last night and got my supper.

Saturday, June 27

Instead of fighting as some expected we are now retreating from Shelbyville. The reversal of Gen[eral] [Alexander P.] Stewart's Div[ision] [on] the right giving the enemy possession of important [roads] has made this move necessary. The roads are very muddy and we are limping only a few miles [east].

Sunday, June 28

Reached F[ayetteville] today in the rain. We [had] no shelter our tents were burned before leaving Shelbyville. We have had a disagreeable time. Our cavalry fought the enemy at Shelbyville behaving badly and losing their pieces of art[illery].

Monday, June 29

We formed in line of battle this morning to await the approach of the enemy who is said to be rapidly advancing. We have no rifle ditches but there is a fort to our left. Some reinforcements have come in. It has rained all day.

Tuesday, June 30

We have constructed temporary breastworks and are yet awaiting the enemy, who has not made his appearance out to skirmish with our cavalry. Every available man is now out ready to fight. We want the enemy to come and let us try him behind our works.

Return to Appendix

July, 1863

Rosy instead of moving to attack moved to our right causing us to evacuate at 11 o'clock at night. We burned all our tents and unnecessary baggage. We are now bivouacked near Allisonia Station on the road.

Thursday, July 2

We marched today via Winchester to near this place. I saw Mrs. Custer whom I used to know in Weakley Co[unty]. I did not recognize her but was told later who she was. We are now on outpost at Cowan Station [at] the foot of the mountains.

Friday, July 3

Coming up the mountain this morning, I noticed it was not as steep as those we crossed it going into W[inchester]. We have traveled the most of the day in the woods. The wagons filling the roads. We are bivouacked on top of the mountain.

Saturday, July 4

We came down the mountain this morning and after marching about 15 miles crossed the Tenn[essee] River at the mouth of Battle Creek on pontoon bridges. Will rest near the crossing until morning. We have suffered for rations.

Sunday, July 5

We have moved up near Shellmound and we have cooked rations. I know not whether we will stop here or go onto Chattanooga. If we go on we should ride on the cars for we were marched down hard. Many are barefoot.

Monday, July 6

We are going to Chat[tanooga]. Although contrary to orders I have marched out of ranks today on account of sore feet. A large number of barefoot and sore foot cases were put off on the train last night. We are resting fifteen miles from C[hattanooga] and near a railroad bridge.

Tuesday, July 7

After considerable hesitation it is believed we were permitted to board the cars and ride the rest of the journey. We are now camped within a short distance from our old camping ground near C[hattanooga].

Wednesday, July 8

Our march is made. We have suffered both from mud and want of provisions. For my own part it would [be] considerable and [no less] for the numbers of barefoot men I see around me. One would suppose Jeff Thompson was in command.

Thursday, July 9

Our loss on this march has been considerable - commissary, quartermaster stores, some ordinance and ordinance stores have burn[ed] but [also] several guns have been lost. We have lost but a few men. There seems to be no doubt that Vicksburg has fallen.

Friday, July 10

Vicksburg has surrendered with ten thousand men. Lee has been fighting several days in Maryland. Men are being sent off to the hospital sick from the effects of the march. I am nearer barefoot than I have been since I could recollect.

Saturday, July 11

Papers state Lee is falling back - [we all] heard as much. We have moved 3 ½ miles northeast and near to where the other brigade of the div[ision] is camped. I am sick and having nothing but a blanket to protect me from the rain.

Sunday, July 12

A camp has not been selected. We are only bivouacked around our guns. I have had the surgeon with me today, but I feel better than I did last evening. I am anxious to hear about Gen. Lee, if he has to fall back south of the Potomac then look for squally times.

Monday, July 13

Grant is pressing our forces at Jackson, Miss[issippi]. Skirmishing going on and a fight daily is expected. A guard has been sent to Gen. Forrest command (nearby) to reclaim those fellows who deserted us when reorganized and consequently found out that the guard did not find them.

Tuesday, July 14

No decisive battle has been fought at Jackson. I fear Johnson's forces is not sufficient to cope with Grant. I have exercised very much today and have eaten hearty notwithstanding reported sick.

Wednesday, July 15

I have often heard it said, "give a soldier enough to eat and he is satisfied". It is false for I have not seen the day I was happy. I think of home and the loved ones there, of the comforts I once enjoyed and more than all I think of the distracted state of our country.

Thursday, July 16

My boots are gone and I am barefoot. I would purchase a pair of shoes but three months wages would be required and I must have something to eat today with my money. A K[entuck]y refugee from conscript joined us today. He is from W[est] K[entuck]y.

Friday, July 17

Port Hudson has fallen. Charleston is threatened and Lee's reported recrossing the Potomac. From these reports many are despondent. While I admit we have cause to be serious I do not see that we should despair so long as we have an army.

Saturday, July 18

I borrowed a pair of shoes and visited the city today which I find the same in most respects as when we left it last fall. I am sure it has not changed any in morals. An effort was made today to bring in Milner and Brooks* who deserted us at Corinth and are now with General Grant.

*Assumed to be Private George R. Milner and Lieutenant P. H. Brooks of Company G 9^thTennessee Infantry.

Sunday, July 19

I have been reading a work entitled "Raids and Romances of Morgan and His Men". Jackson, Miss[issippi] has been abandoned by our troops and Gen[eral] Lee is on this side of the Potomac. Really this is a time to try men's soul. But we should rather use our energy and resolve never to be conquered.

Monday, July 20

Jim Baugh* has been detached as wheelwright. I had hoped to be called as a carpenter but was not needed. We have cleaned off our camp. Now I am afraid we will have to move soon to another one and lose our labor.

*Private James C. E. Baugh of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Tuesday, July 21

We had rain this morning. I went to the country and eat breakfast and dinner. We have straightened out our lines and stretched our blankets for tents so that we present quite a military appearance. The socks feel quite hard when in contact with my feet.

Wednesday, July 22

Morgan is in Ohio and Yankee papers report him in a perilous ambition. I am afraid his command will be captured. I went to the city today and purchased me a pipe and smoking tob[acco]. I think probably it will not cost me so much as chewing [tobacco] which I can hardly afford at such prices as prudent.

Thursday, July 23

We have commenced to fortify again. For this purpose, the regiment was called out today. I was excused on account of being barefoot but went on guard duty. I don't think the boys like the idea of working any more on fortifications. They think they probably will have to evacuate again.

Friday, July 24

Many persons are disposed to lose confidence in our ability to longer contend with the North but I'm feeling that we will in the end come out triumphant. I am getting very anxious to hear from home, also from K[entuck]y but see no prospect of being gratified soon.

Saturday, July 25

We had a pleasant shower of rain today. There is a considerable Methodist revival going on in Gen. Stewart's old brigade. They hold meetings until late every night. Yankee papers report a considerable number of Morgan's men captured in attempting to cross the Ohio River.

Sunday, July 26

I went to the country today in company of Hilliard* and taking dinner. Gen[eral] Forrest is leaving with his command. I expect to hear from him soon in the rear of Gen[eral] Rosecrans' army. Everything is quiet now.

*Private William Henry Hilliard of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, July 27

Some citizens have come to the regiment from West Tenn[essee] but not from near our home. I do wish that I could hear from home and I think they treat me very bad in not writing to me. I would give all I possess to see my old mother and stay with her for a day or two.

Tuesday, July 28

I wrote a letter to my mother today intending to send it by some man going from Gen[eral] Stewart's brigade. The candidates for Congress have taken the stump. Last night I heard ex-Gen[eral] [Henry Stuart] Foote speak to Gen[eral] Stewart's brigade. I'm sorry they have taken the stump.

Wednesday, July 29

We have moved our camp grounds to where I was last encamped in the spring. I have been to see the two old women who furnished a shelter from the rain [once] before. I have been on a wild goose chase and am now some distance from camp wanting supper.

Thursday, July 30

We went out to work this morning without breakfast and without hope of dinner. Rations are scarce but I fear we have hardly known what it is to suffer anything yet. Winter will tell us a tale of woe if it is as severe as common[ly] [believed].

Friday, July 31

We went sweeping today. Capt[ain] Gardner* of our old company [is] at present on detached service is here today in obedience to an order for him to appear and answer charges for incompetency. The court has no authority to try him. I wish he were cashiered.

*Assumed to be Captain A. C. Gardner of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Return to Appendix

August, 1863

We have a good bed of poles and willow - birches and have a blanket stretched to protect us from the rain. If we only had enough to eat, we can do well enough without tents. No matter how hard it rains.

Sunday, August 2

A man supposed to be a robber or bushwacker was found near the camp this morning hanging from a tree. It is thought some soldiers hanged him during the night. I went a mile or two into the country this morning and bought some milk.

Monday, August 3

I am getting tired of the life we are living here. We do not get a sufficiency of rations and the country contains nothing that the soldiers might buy. I hope something will be done soon but have not the least idea what it will be.

Tuesday, August 4

We were visited by General Polk today who was taken the occasion to compliment our regiment very highly. It now seems a fact that Morgan and most of his men have been captured. I am sorry it will so for the Yankees when men of K[entuck]y will now cease to [be] coerced.

Wednesday, August 5

Sometime since a Mrs. P. Williams was arrested and found in [an] army uniform and passing herself as Lieut[enant] Buford. She was sent to [the] castle. No charges being preferred against her. She was released and is now in Chattanooga with her uniform and still persists in being known as Lieut[enant] Buford.

Thursday, August 6

Our rations are very short. We will get 1/3 lb. bacon, 1 lb. of bacon per day and cornbread. Gen[eral] [George Earl] Maney is commander (Cheatham leaving on the 4^th) and Col[onel] McMurray* of the 4 Con[solidated] Tenn[essee] is com[man]d[er] of the brig[ade]. He has ordered the brigade and company rolls to be called for Monday.

*Colonel James A. McMurray of the 4^th Tennessee Infantry which later consolidated with 4^th, 5^th, 19^th, 24^th, 31^st, and 33^rd Tennessee Infantry.

Friday, August 7

Notwithstanding, the regiment has had nothing to eat but corn bread for more than two days. They have sent us to work on fortifications. Being on guard yesterday and barefoot, I was excused and managed to get a quart of milk. I may endure.

Saturday, August 8

The regiment went to work again today. Although barefoot I had to accompany them and I feel quite sick from the effects of walking on the rocks. I saw at the depot some prisoners captured at Union City and notwithstanding all I had suffered in their hands. I could hardly sympathize with the wretches.

Sunday, August 9

I wrote a letter to Mr. Bohon of K[entuck]y and dispatched it to Gen[eral] [John Henry] Winder at Richmond to be sent out by flag of truce. Bill Gardner* deserted last night after stealing seven hundred dollars from one of the regiments, besides a handsome sum from the company.

*Assumed to be Private William H. Gardner of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, August 10

I have bought me some letter paper and intend to write whether I have any correspondence or not. I have a boil on my buttocks caused by itch[ing] from which I have been suffering sometime. It is very painful and I am excused from duty on account of.

Tuesday, August 11

Today I thought I was getting off again by being excused from work on account of my boil but when I came to find out all barefoot men were excused I have been writing the whole of the day. I can not tell at this moment what I have written.

Wednesday, August 12

Excused again today from work. Managed to draw a pair of shoes and I am not a liar if they didn't feel awkward to my feet. I went to see my two old women who gave me dinner. I shall never forget these old women. They have been kind to me.

Thursday, August 13

Worked on the ditches but I was excused from work. I bought some whiskey and sending word to Capt[ain] Hall that I would soon be back after roll call. I started with Melton* on a spree. I am now at a house four miles from camp and it is late.

*Private J. T. Melton of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Friday, August 14

I came in at a very late hour last night and felt really mean this morning when I had to go to the Capt[ain] to get off extra duty. I don't think I shall go on another such expedition soon. I have never served an extra [duty]. I hope to send a letter home soon.

Saturday, August 15

We went to [work] earlier this morning than usual. I am getting very tired of this work for I will know even if the enemy comes on us we will not get to fight in ditches. Gen[eral] Cheatham came to see us while at work and told the boys that he [indeed] used the spade.

Sunday, August 16

It is a fine thing to have an acquaintance near camp. I visit the old women with whom I became acquainted last spring. Very often they seldom fail to give me something to eat. Bill Fields* and myself went to see them today. Got and wrote some letters home.

*PrivateWilliam R. Fields of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, August 17

Men are regularly detailed to work now and I did not have to go today. My purse is reduced to twenty-five cents and what am I to do for money. I can not tell [if] I despise the low way of peddling among soldiers to get money. I will not do it.

Tuesday, August 18

I am in bad humor this evening but I hardly know for what unless it be that I am hungry and can not get enough to eat. I have just eaten a slice of bacon, the first meat of the kind I have eaten in quite a number of days. It was delicious I am sure.

Wednesday, August 19

Maxwell*, who has been acting commissary for the 31^st Tenn[essee] for two years and had no commission, skedaddled last night to keep from being conscripted. We intended sending letters home by him. Capt[ain] Summers** is to start for West Tenn[essee] in detached service and will carry my letters until he reaches Maxwell.

*Sergeant H. C. Maxwell assigned to the field and staff unit of Company A 31^st Tennessee Infantry.

**Captain George W. Summers commissioned as Assistant Commissary of Subsistence for the 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Thursday, August 20

Worked again today. There seems to be considerable hurry in erecting fortifications. The enemy is reported advancing and many troops have been sent down to Bridgeport [Alabama]. I do not believe that Rosecrans would be fool enough to attack us here.

Friday, August 21

This is a day set aside for fasting and prayer. At 10 a.m. the Yankees appeared on the opposite bank of the river and soon after commenced shelling the town from the right. Some damage was done by their sharpshooters. We have 3 days cooked rations.

Saturday, August 22

Firing continued this evening. Casualties yesterday - two or three men killed and one woman, several men wounded. We have worked on the fort. Everything is being made ready to meet the Yankees and most all are of the opinion that the fight is on hand.

Sunday, August 23

No shelling today but a continued bang of musketry has been kept up between the pickets along the banks of the river. Citizens since the first gun [was] fired have been busy moving out of town. The woods and roadsides are lined with crying women and dirty babies.

Monday, August 24

Another day finds our brig[ade] on picket duty below the city. All the brig[ade] except our regiment is reserved and our company is now in post at the foot of Lookout Mountain. We are calm at first but an old citizen whom we permitted to cross reports no enemy for more than 2 ½ miles.

Tuesday, August 25

We were relieved this morning by some of [General Thomas C.] Hindman's ([General Jones M.] Wither's) division. I think we will move soon in some direction but cannot believe that we will evacuate this place. All of our troops have been withdrawn from Bridgeport and the Yanks are there.

Wednesday, August 26

It is said today that when our comp[any] was picketing some of the 25^th Ala[bama] were killed soon after relieving us. If this is so we are fortunate men. We are doing nothing today. Last night was cold and today has been chilly enough for the season.

Thursday, August 27

The firing from across the river was renewed today and replied to by our batteries. From an eminence near camp could be seen the smoke from the guns. I have been unusually lonesome and want for something exciting, something to kill time.

Friday, August 28

Everything quite today. I have been useless again in the absence of some military exercise. If I only had books to read I could pass the time more pleasantly. Some troops have come in from [General] Johnston. I have made out the company muster roll.

Saturday, August 29

These cold nights and chilly days warn us the fall season is at hand. Their shelling was renewed today. It was twelve months ago we were encamped beyond the river where the Yankees now [are] camped in our way into K[entuck]y. I wish we could try that trip over again.

Sunday, August 30

I met my two old women today who expressed surprise at my not seeing them often. I apologized by telling them we had been busy. I wrote a letter to Lieut[enant] [John D.] Jenkins of [the] Virginia Army. A detail has been made to work at town tonight.

Monday, August 31

It is reported and believed that Knoxville has fallen. I hope this is not so, for than we will be forced to leave this place. Everything is quite today. The Yankee pickets and ours converse with each other. Some of our boys are wearing long faces.

Return to Appendix

September, 1863

We have cooked three days rations and are ready to move at a moments warning. I do not know what to do about the clothes I have at Gillespies. If we are going to evacuate I should carry them for such clothing cannot be had in the winter but there are so many I cannot carry them.

Wednesday, September 2

The 1^st Tenn[essee] went in the city yesterday and I do not know for what other reason. We cooked rations unless it was to be in readiness to support them. I went to a man's corn field and pillaged some corn today the first time I ever did the like. I was hungry.

Thursday, September 3

I wish this suspense was over for we cannot absent ourselves from this regiment without reason. Several of us have [weaved] brush above for protection against the sun and dew. The nights are so cold we have had to take down our blanket for coverage.

Friday, September 4

Cooked 3 days rations and are picketing the river above the city. The enemy pickets [are on] the opposite side. Each party has orders not to shoot. The enemy move freely. While I'm writing I am in plain view of quite a number of Yanks. One of our boys has mentioned them in the middle of the stream and [saw their] encampment.

Saturday, September 5

After being assured they may return three of our boys crossed the river and spent several hours with the Yanks. I went to the middle of the river to meet some of them but they would not come. I would not cross cause I was not a good swimmer and it was contrary to orders. We are relieved and at camp.

Sunday, September 6

It seems we men stand under a misconception of orders. We have been ordered back and are now in front. Men have been sent to camp [and] to cook three days rations. Our boys still continue to visit Yanks but they are afraid to come to our side of the river.

Monday, September 7

Last night we evacuated our pickets very quietly and returned to camp. We found rations cooked and everything in readiness for a march. I went to Gillespie's and brought my clothes. Bill Finch is driving Gen[eral] Maney's H[ead] Q[uarter] wagons and will haul them for me.

Tuesday, September 8

Last night I went to see my two old women who gave me supper and some biscuits for my haversack. We have evacuated Chattanooga which felt like giving up all. I feel unwell. Lose many men by desertion. They despair when we retreat.

Wednesday, September 9

We are at Lee's Mills [Georgia] on the railroad where we have cooked two days rations. The Yankees have crossed the mountains from Wells Valley and are in Chattanooga. Gov[ernor] [Isham G.] Harris made a little talk to our regiment. He says if we win the impending battle Tenn[essee] is ours if not she is almost lost to us.

Thursday, September 10

There was considerable commotion among the troops today but we have not moved yet. Our cavalry has gone in the direction of Chattanooga. The enemy is reported falling back with the design of massing his forces at Chattanooga by crossing the mountains near that place.

Friday, September 11

Gen[eral] Cheatham had us know last night that it was the design of our army to attack the enemy at two points today. That we would make forced marches to prevent the enemy from meeting his forces. We have marched all night and are now near LaFayette [Georgia] cooking two days rations.

Saturday, September 12

The scene changes. We have marched back to Rock Springs Church and formed in line to meet the enemy who has come out from Chattanooga. The battle will certainly open in the morning. Some prisoners are being brought in and skirmishing is going on.

Sunday, September 13

We have moved this morning toward the left and formed. Soon moved again and have taken provisions in the rear of Gen[eral][Preston] Smith. Gen[eral] [Otho French] Strahle's brig[ade] went out and had been skirmishing to bring on the attack. We started out but stopped. The Yankees will not attack.

Monday, September 14

Instead of fighting as many had anticipated, we have marched back to LaFeyette. The enemy would not attack and I do not suppose it was the design of our generals to fight him in his position. The dust over the roads we have traveled was very disagreeable. I have boils which are very painful.

Tuesday, September 15

The boys, notwithstanding our retreat, are in fine spirits and the woods been made to echo with their shouts. It is said we are receiving reinforcements from V[irgini]a. Late last evening, I saw Mr. Cooksey of [McLemore's] Cavalry, my old fellow prisoner.

Wednesday, September 16

The messes have been consolidated and the surplus cooking utensils [were] turned over to our wagon for the regiment which was understood to be [used] for reinforcements. We are ordered to keep two days cooked rations in hand. It is thought we will move.

Thursday, September 17

We only cooked one days rations and are now marching in the direction of Rock Springs. We marched off in some hurry and Gen[eral] Maney told us as [that if] we passed him that we would get shot this time before we came back. Some of the boys were sent when we started back but we came up.

Friday, September 18

We stopped near the spring last night. This morning we moved up near an old inn and formed. Soon advancing and shelling as we advanced. We are not far from Lee's Mill where the Yankees are posted to prevent our crossing.

Saturday, September 19

Crossed the mountains without opposition. After double quickening some distance we entered the fight in a charge. Some halted and lay down when after firing. When after firing several rounds I was wounded in the face. I thought at first I was killed. I am now on my way to the hospital.

Sunday, September 20

Our brigade having no support fell back yesterday after I was wounded. The fight was continued with much spirit until after dark. My wound was from the fragment of a shell. The loss in my company is severe. I went on the battlefield today while the fight was being renewed.

Monday, September 21

Last night the enemy was driven from the field. I have walked to Ringgold [Georgia] and am in the cars to go to a hospital. My cloths are all with the wagons and I am afraid will be lost. The loss in my company was thirty-five in all.

Tuesday, September 22

I am now at Fairgrounds Hospital No. 2, Atlanta. I have heard nothing from the fight. Wires show there was heavy losses on both sides. We have taken many prisoners and have possession of the entire field. Seven of my old company are with me wounded.

Wednesday, September 23

We have traveled as far as West Point [Georgia]. On the route a box of tobacco was found and broken into. I took six plugs. The city council is preparing supper for the wounded. The bars are open and whiskey selling at $1.00 per drink. There are near three hundred of us together.

Thursday, September 24

Reached Montgomery [Alabama] where we found no preparations made to receive us. Breakfast was procured at the hotel and we were than moved to Stonewall Hospital. The tobacco I had taken was stolen by someone, not however before I have repented taking it.

Friday, September 25

All my squad was fortunate enough to get bunks in the barracks but many who have come in since have no beds or shelter. We get scarcely anything to eat and there is much complaint. The d[octo]rs have announced furloughs. I went to the city on pass.

Saturday, September 26

The apology for not giving us enough to eat is that they have not enough cooking vessels to cook in. I went to the city again today. I have made out a descriptive roll and signed Lieut[enant] Dew's* name to it, knowing he would not care. Some wounded from this hospital are to be sent to Mobile.

*1^st Lieutenant R. J. Dew of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry

Sunday, September 27

I intended going to Mobile but I had fever last night and was unwell. Besides there was too large a number going for the trip to be pleasant. We had preaching in our ward this morning. Rations get no better.

Monday, September 28

Mrs. Knox, a lady of Montgomery, is very attentive to the wants of the wounded soldiers. She visits the hospital every day and dresses wounds. I went to the city and from the effects of the "itch" I could hardly walk back. Mrs. Knox stirs things about [in] the cook house.

Tuesday, September 29

I visited the city again today to get my money. Failing [to be] on the roll I am now making out another kind for myself and all of my company. My legs are very thin and I never was so tired in my life.

Wednesday, September 30

Went back today but failed to get my money. My glands are very much swollen and painful. We have had a small shower of rain which was very much needed. We can get no news from the army that is reliable.

Return to Appendix

October, 1863

I succeeded in getting two months wages after much trouble. It has rained the whole of the day and I was put in much trouble to get a [hat] for which I would have paid $1.25 but I stopped on the way and paid 50 cents at this clothing m[anu]f[acturin]g company [and they] got their money.

Friday, October 2

Visited the city again, more to get away from the hospital than for any business I had in town. Mrs. Knox has been forbidden to visit the hospital [for taking] too much authority from the cooks. We have been examined and some of the boys are to be sent to Lauderdale Springs [Mississippi].

Saturday, October 3

This morning a lady came here to look for her husband and found that he had died but five days since. Her screams were affecting. I tried to get off to go to my old command but the surgeon told me I could not go until I am well.

Sunday, October 4

My company has all gone except Jas. Hagg, Tim Davis* and myself. The day was beautiful and we had preaching in the morning and evening. I have written several letters to my command. Some of the boys that have gone off, I think, will go home.

*Private T. W. Davis of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, October 5

This morning was cool and I kept to my bed until late, but went to the city before breakfast and took a hot cup of coffee and couple drinks [of] whiskey. I have a habit when the ladies come with provisions of feigning sick. I am good at it and often get something to eat.

Tuesday, October 6

After breakfast I went to the city and paid a visit to the soldiers home. This is a hospital kept up by the ladies and is well conducted. Hunter* of my company is here and has a frightful looking wound in the leg.

*Assumed to be Private H. C. Hunter of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Wednesday, October 7

The patients were examined this morning and those pronounced fit for duty [were] sent to their commands. Some ladies brought in provisions but were told by the surgeons that the men had enough to eat. The boys told them better and the fair sex indignant.

Thursday, October 8

This day twelve months ago I was wounded at the Battle of Perryville. I visited the lamp black manufactory and the state capital. Lamp black is made by burning the resin and catching soot which is the lamp black. This is used for making oil cloth, etc.

Friday, October 9

The surgeons, to save their reputation, tell the ladies that we are all well fed but they know better. I ate some mushrooms today after seeing them eaten by others. They were boiled in water and should have been seasoned with butter.

Saturday, October 10

I went to the surg[eon] this morning to get him to examine my hips which had been paining me. He answered me as though I had been a servant or a dog. I turned on my heel and left him. President Davis is on a visit to the army at Chickamauga.

Sunday, October 11

After listening to a sermon in the morning. I went to the country in company with Jim Hogg and ate dinner with the overseer of a large plantation. Afterwards went down to the river to look at a steamboat pass. Boats are small on this river.

Monday, October 12

An examination was held today while I was absent in the city and a number discharged among them Jas. Hogg. Wishing to have company while going to the [city], I went to the surgeon and was discharged. Will set out in the morning.

Tuesday, October 13

Left the hospital this morning taking the cars at 5 o'clock. An accident occured in our engine which delayed us until night in reaching West Point, G[eorgi]a. We were debating whether to lay over until morning, also whether to stop off at Atlanta.

Wednesday, October 14

Staid all night. Reached Atlanta about noon and visited the Empire Hospital where I found Hooper* of my company who was wounded and made prisoner in the late fight but was recaptured by our men. We will stay here tonight.

*Assumed to be Private N. W. Hooper of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Thursday, October 15

I intended making out a description list for Hooper that he may accrue his money, but I suffered so much from the itch when I sat down that I gave it up. We are now at the depot waiting for the cars which from all appearances will be crowded.

Friday, October 16

Reached Dalton during the night when we stopped and staid in the cars until day light. The train then brought us to where the bridges have washed away and we have been footing it since. We are staying tonight with a citizen.

Saturday, October 17

Our host did not charge us for lodging with him and for supper. We have come up with the regiment after walking fifteen miles which consumed two days on account of the plagued itch. I have found the regiment behind temporary breast works they have constructed.

Sunday, October 18

The Yanks and their works are plainly visible from our position. I have come back to the wagons four miles in the rear to draw rations where I will remain until fit for duty. The rations for the men are cooked there and carried to them by a detail.

Monday, October 19

I am staying with Rich Moss* who is [too] sick from his company [K] 31^st Tenn[essee] R[egimen]t. The army has two new details from each company who stay with the wagons and cooks. We have a detail from our company guarding commissaries for Major Maney.**

*Private R. H. Moss of Company K 31^st Tennessee Infantry.

**Assumed to be Major Frank Maney of the 24^th Tennessee Sharpshooter Battalion which was part of General B. F. Cheatham's division at Chickamagua prior to October 22, 1863.

Tuesday, October 20

I received a letter late yesterday by flag of truce from Mrs. Bohan and Miss A. V. of K[entuck]y. My feelings can be better imagined than dissected since my whole study is of the letter. I love the woman and have reason to believe that she loves me. Sent a letter home today by Gilliam.*

*Assumed to be Private T. J. Gilliam of Company A 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Wednesday, October 21

There has been a battle fought lately in V[irgini]a but not of much magnitude. I feel very unwell for the past two days. I have drawed me a shirt and a pair of drawers. I hope since there is a change of clothing my itch will get better. It is raining.

Thursday, October 22

Our troops have gained a victory near Loudon, Tenn[essee]. L[ieutenan]t Dew and others of the company came out here today. The boys have been paid off. Dew told me I could stay here or go back to the regiment. I prefer staying here until I am well. L[ieutenan]t Head** has been pro[moted to] captain and com[mands] the company.

*Assumed to be Captain H. W. Head of Company H 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Friday, October 23

We were waked this morning by barefoot men with wagons coming to stay while the division moved. It is now at [Tilton] Station [Georgia] and is supposed to be going to reinforce [General Carter Littlepage] "Stevenson". An ambulance came for me and others and carried us to a place called the Brig[ade] Hospital.

Saturday, October 24

The hospital is a Negro cabin in a farmer's yard. There is no sur[geon], no rations and no person to draw rations. I have come back to the wagons in camp. The cooking detail has gone but the wagons are [still] here yet and men staying with them.

Sunday, October 25

I drew rations with others of the reg[imen]t this morning. At the sick call I went to the brig[ade] surgeon who sent me to Chickamauga in a wagon where I was to take the cars for the hospital. At the depot, we found no one to put us on the cars and with some difficulty I got the surg[eon] sent to me.

Monday, October 26

Have been all day coming from Dalton where we lay last night. Have reported at a brig[ade] hospital where we have taken bunks. Bill Guy* of [the] Avalanche is with me though not in the same room.

*5^th Sergeant William J. Guy of Company H 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Tuesday, October 27

My bunk being in the hall where there was no fire. I have passed most of the day in bed. The surgeon came around to see me but gave me no medicine. I am without money and without tob[acco] and there is no one here of whom I wish to borrow.

Wednesday, October 28

Description rolls are taken from the patients entering the hospital for what purpose I do not know. Ladies visit us with permission. I am having my meals brought to me and as I am fed by the officer's nurse. I get such as they get. The boys complain of the table.

Thursday, October 29

I have been considering today the position of a private soldier of our army. It is worse than that of a servant in peaceable times. For my own part, I am getting tired of being dominated over by every "chap in stripes". I want to get in the cavalry and I will fair better.

Friday, October 30

There is a young lady who is very attentive to a certain Lieut[enant] here. She brings him food every day and often divides with me. Her name is Everet. Other ladies visit us with provisions. The convalescents eat breakfast at 9 a.m., dinner at 3 p.m. and supper at 9 p.m.

Saturday, October 31

I am getting tired of Bragg as a leader. He has conducted affairs so badly. He has removed Gen. [Lucius E.] Polk and caused [Gen. William J.] Hardee to be put in his place whom the boys can never like so much as they did the former. If he wants to lose half our div[ision] let him remove Cheatham.

Return to Appendix

November, 1863

Gen[eral] Polk was beloved by his corps and was the idol of our div[ision]. The boys would do better fighting under him than under Hardee. Should Bragg cause Cheatham to be removed half the Tennesseans will go home or under some other arm of service.

Monday, November 2

The wife and mother of one of our soldiers is visiting the hospital. The one so fond in her caresses the other so tenderly affectionate that it is interesting to behold them. I would give the world to see my mother or the woman I wish to call my wife.

Tuesday, November 3

The surgeon has prescribed whiskey and quinine for me. The latter creates considerable commotion in my head. The former is very acceptable. Ladies here visited us again today. I can hear nothing from my command. I hope they will remain in E[ast] Tenn[essee].

Wednesday, November 4

With a description roll of my own make, I drew a hat from the Q[uarter] M[aster] department. I now take my meals at the table and get for a breakfast meal - coffee, cornbread and beef, for dinner the two latter, for supper, coffee and cornbread - limited quantities.

Thursday, November 5

I borrowed some money today and tried to borrow some letter paper and envelopes but could not buy a smaller quantity of the former for a few dollars, and [the] latter per packet at $1.20. I did not have money enough and gave it up.

Friday, November 6

I met in the street today a young man who nursed me and was very kind to me while I was wounded and a prisoner at Harrodsburg, K[entuck]y. He was wounded in the late fight and I would be proud had I the opportunity of reciprocating his kindness.

Saturday, November 7

The hospitals are to be cleaned out by sending those "for duty" to the front and those not fit for duty, but able to travel, to distant hospitals. It seems by this a fight is expected as it will not be left for me to say which of the above class I belong to. I do not know where I shall go.

Sunday, November 8

I am now at [Frand] Hospital Newnan, G[eorgi]a, forty miles from Atlanta and on the West Point R[ail] R[oad]. Coming down on the cars, the men crowded and had to stand up and ride the best way we could. So far, I am well pleased with the change. There are three hospitals here.

Monday, November 9

This place is the county seat of Coweta Co[ounty] but is a wreck at present. The court house and most all of the business houses are used for hospitals and other purposes. I think most of the patients here are those suffering from chronic diseases and those men who are wounded slightly.

Tuesday, November 10

We have had a change of surgeons. The first was a citizen and had feelings for [the] men. The one we have now is an old field surgeon and could cut off a man's head without constricting a muscle of his own. I am using iodine on my back which is very painful.

Wednesday, November 11

For breakfast here at the table we get coffee, corn and light bread and beef hash. For dinner we get cornbread, peas and bacon. For supper we get fruit and light bread. Those that do not go to the table get [a] better diet but not so much of it.

Thursday, November 12

I have taken four big pills and one dose of oil today. The second dose of oil I can [not] remember swallowing. A man furloughed from this room today for thirty-five days. Had I the money I would give a thousand dollars for such a furlough. I would see my mama in half the time.

Friday, November 13

I had to take another dose of oil this morning. No ladies have visited us here yet. I saw them going regularly to the officers hospital. So much for "stripes". A man visiting his brother brought him clothing and provisions. If the Yanks did not have possession of my house I to would have clothing sent [to] me.

Saturday, November 14

A man living only eighteen miles away from here, after repeated applications, took leave of absence has went home and has been sent for. Forty deserters were brought in during the day by cavalry. The South is full of men at home. We have had some rain.

Sunday, November 15

One other man furloughed for thirty days. I have been reading a volume of the United States Congressional Globe. I was surprised when I look upon these debates that the people of the South did not take up arms sooner in vindication of their rights.

Monday, November 16

Last night I could not rest. I thought of mother, of Anna, of home and of the pleasures I once enjoyed. But alas, those pleasures have gone and many sleepless nights are passed in dwelling on their memory. Were I the richest man living I would give all to enjoy life as I once did.

Tuesday, November 17

I begin to have a better opinion of my surgeon. He is quite lenient for I know there are men here who are able for duty yet he does not send them off as long as there is any sign of disease. We are having some beautiful weather now and I am anticipate a move by the army in some direction.

Wednesday, November 18

The paymaster is here paying off nurses and other details. The sick would have all have their pay but for inaction of the clerks. I have [almost] my half [except] for four dollars difference with which I am to buy my tob[acco]. There is a concert in town for the benefit of the soldiers.

Thursday, November 19

The boys were not so well pleased with the concert. I understand there is to be another one given by the ladies. An old citizen has given me some sweets to eat last night. I am expecting to be sent to my command every day.

Friday, November 20

There is a man here with his leg cut off and from gangrene or other causes. The [primary] artery can not be closed. He is kept alive by having a man hold the artery with his fingers until the leg is well. The light duty men do this [with] reliefs who stand guard.

Saturday, November 21

Had rain in the afternoon. [General James] Longstreet is at or near Knoxville and I expect Cheatham has been recalled. Two men were discharged from here today and sent to their commands. Each was complaining of not being well enough to do duty.

Sunday, November 22

We have had another change of surgeons. The day is bright and beautiful and in the absence of something to while away [the] time, I am led back meditatively to the beautiful Nov[ember] Sabbaths of last year when I was in K[entuck]y.

Monday, November 23

The day is very cold, wind blowing from the N[orth] E[ast]. Were I in K[entuck]y or Tenn[essee] I would expect snow. I saw one of the [Obion] Avalanche today who is on furlough 12 miles distant from wounds received at Chickamauga.

Tuesday, November 24

Our surgeon has been ordered to hold himself in readiness to go to the front as if a fight was expected. It is [obvious] another detail has been made to hold another artery for a man. This work I would not like to do.

Wednesday, November 25

There was some fighting done in front of Chattanooga over the 24^th justly. Also fighting done at Knoxville by Gen[eral] Longstreet whom it is said has completely invested that place. Hospitals are being cleaned out by furloughs and returning men to duty.

Thursday, November 26

A dispatch to Pres[ident] Davis from Gen[eral] Bragg says our left center was broken and the army retreating in confusion on Chickamauga. My God are we to suffer our first defeat in the West. I have been holding an artery for a man that [was] wounded.

Friday, November 27

Our right wing in the engagement on Missionary Ridge held their position repulsing the enemy at every charge. The army is still falling back I am anxious to hear from my reg[imen]t. Some wounded are passing down the road. I saw Clint Atkins last [night].

Saturday, November 28

This is my birthday. I am twenty three years old and boast of accomplishing as little as any other man of the same age. Wounded have been coming in. Our ward is filled up. Much anxiety is felt for the safety of Gen[eral] Longstreet's div[ision].

Sunday, November 29

It is announced Burnside has surrendered to Gen[eral] Longstreet but not credited. Convalescents are being sent off very fast. The trains are so crowded with men going to their commands that it is difficult for one to get a seat.

Monday, November 30

A thousand rumors are afloat. One that Bragg has had another fight and defeating the Yankees. Still furloughing from the hospital. Candidates for furloughs are judged more by their looks than their disease.

Return to Appendix

December, 1863

I saw Capt[ain] [Locke] of my reg[imen]t. He has been here sick for some time. He tells me my reg[imen]t was not engaged but was held in reserve on the right. I was glad to hear this. I fear they might have been on the left.

Wednesday, December 2

The surg[eon] that left here to go to the front has returned. Expressing a wish to examine me, I told him I was able for duty and desired to be sent to my command. I met with an acquaintance from the 5^th Tenn[essee] Reg[imen]t.

Thursday, December 3

Left the hospital on the freight train and [am] now at Atlanta waiting for a train to go to Dalton where I understand I am to find my reg[imen]t. I fear we are to be very much crowded. There are many number of men returning to the army.

Friday, December 4

We got aboard by crowding into the baggage car where we had neither fire nor lamps nor seats to sit on. We slept on the floor and suffered very much from the cold. Reached Dalton an hour before day. With some difficulty I found the reg[imen]t.

Saturday, December 5

The reg[imen]t is encamped 3 miles south of Dalton. I found my old company divided into two messes. Lieut[enant] [R. J.] Dew, Brooks, Montgomery, Fields, Travis, Baucom [and] Hagg* compose my mess. They are all in bad spirits of the recent disaster.

*Assumed to be Private J. L. Brook, W. R. Montgomery, Sergeant W. R. Fields, Private J. H. Travis, Private J. J. Baucom, and Private James Hagg all of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Sunday, December 6

Ten other regiments are now in the brigade [including the] 41^st and 50^th Tenn[essee]. Gen[eral] Maney was wounded in the late engagement. We are in [General William Henry Talbot] Walker's division with S[outh] Carolinians and Georgians. The old division has been divided.

Monday, December 7

The boys all want to get back with Cheatham and Polk again. Rather than depart from the old custom of egg nog for Christmas the men contributed $60 for which I went to Dalton to send by a man to Atlanta to get two gallons.

Tuesday, December 8

We have been ordered to be held in [winter] quarters. I went to Dalton again today but failed to see anyone whom I could send for our whiskey. Some are building quarters but I am fearful that we will move again soon from them.

Wednesday, December 9

Went again to send for whiskey and failing the mess have concluded to withdraw their money. I have been thinking of going home but I hate after staying here this long to run away. Yet my health is fading and it is almost certain death for me here.

Thursday, December 10

Longstreet has raised the siege of Knoxville and is returning in the direction of Bristol. Gen[eral] Morgan has escaped from Yankee prison. We are matting branches to cover our winter quarters. I felt unwell and reported sick.

Friday, December 11

Bill Fields has the name of being very stingy. He played a [charlatan] and lost one hundred and thirty dollars. The boys say he will die. Brooks, Montgomery and myself drank a pint of whiskey each for which we $12 ½ per pint.

Saturday, December 12

The brigade has moved to another camp beyond the railroad. Bill Montgomery and myself are staying with our boards until they can be hauled. It is raining and I imagine the boys will have a hard time tonight with no shelter.

Sunday, December 13

We kept out some cooking vessels and a little meal and by picking up some beef we have had something to eat. They sent us a little meal from camp. We can not get our boards hauled today. The boys here commenced building.

Monday, December 14

We have nothing to eat in seventy-four hours but are now baking a chicken and have sent to camp for meal. It is reported that the Yankees are falling back at Chattanooga and we are to be sent to V[irgini]a. I expect we will be sent some place.

Tuesday, December 15

After getting something to eat we have been discussing the possibility of going home in the spring. In a recent proclamation of Lincoln, he grants our going home [with] the privilege of taking the oath and remaining. I want to go home but I'm not going to stop fighting.

Wednesday, December 16

I went to camp after rations and returned to meet a wagon here to haul our boards. I brought a gun with me and after eating something, and starting our wagon to camp, we went out and killed a squirrel. We are at camp with the boys again.

Thursday, December 17

We are at work on our cabins. Every man builds after his own fashion only preserving a strait line. Six of my mess are going to stay in a house while three of us will go under the tent fly. We do not get half enough to eat.

Friday, December 18

The house is finished and the boys have moved in. We have worked and built a chimney and wall to the fly so it will be comfortable. Bill Montgomery and myself and Brooks will stay under the fly. We are having brig[ade] guard.

Saturday, December 19

Worked again on our chimney and today was so cold we had to keep fires to prevent our tents freezing. We have not been sent for any whiskey and will be without any for Christmas. We are subsisting on corn bread alone.

Sunday, December 20

Montgomery and myself went to Lieut[enant] Vowell* to get our clothes but failed to find him. We drew a little flour but not sufficient for one meal. I can almost fancy myself going weak from starvation.

*Assumed to be Private W. R. Vowell of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry who may have been promoted to Lieutenant.

Monday, December 21

We are not to be paid our compensation as was expected which is causing much dissatisfaction and revives the talk of going home. I am on guard for the first time in many days. Will not have to stand after night I hope.

Tuesday, December 22

After considerable difficulty in finding the route and a walk of six miles George Milner and myself are now at Gen[eral] Strahle's Brig[age] where we will spend the night. The boys here are in fever to leave the infantry and go to cavalry.

Wednesday, December 23

The band of Strahle's brig[ade] serenaded Gen[eral] Cheatham last night and was told by him that he was making efforts to get his old division again. After a hard week we reached our command just in time for roll call.

Thursday, December 24

Montgomery and Dick Scott went to Dalton to get some whiskey where they got into a difficulty and had a fight with some soldiers. I bought half gal[lon] whiskey for which I paid fifty-one dollars. I have drank me a [gross] pint. The Avalanche are all drunk.

Friday, December 25

The Col[onel], Lieut[enant] Col[onel], Adj[utant], Surg[eon], Capt[ain] and all the pirates of the Avalanche were drunk last night and this morning Surg[eon] Brice and one of the Avalanche fought. I was a little drinking late in the night. John Milner and officers have come to see us.

Saturday, December 26

We had a high spree last night. Drank but kept sober. The whiskey bill amounted to one hundred and fifty dollars. Our Col[onel] and Capt[ain] are both absent on a spree and the boys do as they please. We shot Christmas guns to test our muskets. It is raining.

Sunday, December 27

Rained the whole day confining us within doors. I hope this bad weather will put an end to operations this winter. Last year at this time I was enjoying the best of society with plenty to eat and drink and new parties to go to every night.

Monday, December 28

Our Capt[ain] and Col[onel] have returned off their spree and everything is going on quietly again. There is to be a furlough granted to one man in every thirty. We will have to draw for it. The day is disagreeable. I can not believe how bad the weather is.

Tuesday, December 29

A few days since I was excused from guard duty on account of bad shoes or rather I refused to do duty because others not worse off than myself were excused. I have not been put on duty since. There is a regular detail to work on roads.

Wednesday, December 30

Lieut[enant] Dew approved and forwarded a furlough for Knox* before orders for furloughs were received. The chance is Knox will cheat us out of a chance for a furlough. Bill Montgomery and myself have cut and hauled a cord of wood.

*Assumed to be Private R. W. Knox of Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Thursday, December 31

This ends my diary for the year. It is true I have seem some rough times but they did not exceed my anticipations. The life of a soldier now is considered of no more value than a good horse and I have reason to be thankful that my life is spared and will not lament over the past. I would be proud to where I was at this time last year enjoying the society of her I love, but I shall hope that I will not spend another year in the army and another Christmas rolls 'round [without] seeing the those I love so well.

Return to Appendix

Memoranda

Officers remaining behind to be sent to Camp Chase, Ohio. Reached Cairo 17^th [of] January and went straight aboard a boat and shoved off for Dixie. Turned back the next morning from Columbus, K[entuck]y and started for St. Louis, which place we reached 22^nd [of] January but did not stop as anticipated but went on to Alton, Illinois. From Alton we went to Chicago on R[ail] R[oad] and turned loose in Camp Douglas. A great deal of sickness was the consequence of such a long

(Page 2)

Names of young men with whom I associated while a prisoner on parole in K[entuck]y: James Dean, Miles Woods, Tom Richards, Tom Clellson, Dr. Davis (Graves [County]), Ed Block all of Mercer County except Mr. Richards who was of Louisville.

Young ladies: Misses Van Arsdale, Misses Davis, Misses Dean, Miss Shoemaker, Miss Thompson, Miss Corrish, Misses Van Arsdale (again) Misses Retrons, Miss Priss Russle, Miss Turner, Miss Holman, Misses McHenry, Miss Gathers, Misses Renfires Miss Mat Parker and Misses Overstreet (Union [County]). All of Kentucky except Miss Thompson of North C[arolina].

(Page 3)

C. H. Lee

Uniontown, Perry Co. Ala.

From J. H. Jones

1^st Lt. Co. K 24^th Ala.

Camp: The small pox [is] making its appearance among the prisoners. Up to February 21^st there has been a great many deaths. On the 24^th Feb[ruary] the Gen[eral] came and men commenced administering the oath again. Many have taken it.

(Page 4)

Tobacco for June

2 ½ plugs tob. $4.00

Total ----

July

4 ½ plugs tob. $8.25

1 bag smoking $1.00

Total $9.25

August

3 ½ plugs tob. $4.75

Total $4.75

September

3 ½ plugs tob. $1.50

1 bag smoking tob. $1.00

Total $2.50

(Page 5)

November tob. amount

2 ½ plugs $2.50

December

½ plug chewing tob. $.50

Smoking tob. $5.00

Nov.

5^th ½ plug tob. $.50

19^th 1 plug tob. $1.00

25^th 1 plug tob. $1.00

December

1^st ½ plug tob. $.50

12^th bag smo. tob. $2.00

22^nd " " " $2.00

25^th smok. plugs tob. $1.00

(Page 6)

Being wounded at the Battle of Perryville, K[entuck]y, I was consequently taken prisoner at Harrodsburg, K[entuck]y in [the] hospital three days after the battle, 11^th October. I remained in the hospital about five weeks then removed to a private house in the country where I staid at Mr. Bohan's until the 5^th of January. I then went to Harrodsburg and started from there under a guard for Louisville via Danville.

We traveled in wagons, laid in the guard house 14 hours at Danville then stated in wagons for Nicholasville.

(Page 7)

Never stopped at Nicholasville but kept on until we arrived at Lexington (12 o'clock at night). We were here put into a Negro jail where we staid until 2 o'clock the next day, then taken the cars for Louisville which place we reached 12 o'clock at night and was marched to Camp Dent as it was called, a miserable excuse for a prison. Here we remained eight days and then started for Vicksburg - crossing the river and taking the cars all commissioned.

Return to Appendix

Cash Accounts

January

Date

3 For Sunday presents 5.00

6 Whiskey 1.60

8 Tob. 1.00

11 Provisions .35

24 Green backs .25 pert. 25.00

25 " " " " .20 " 25.00

" Less [Riffhan] 5.00

26 " " " 25.00

27 " " " 25.00

$92.00

(Page 9)

At the battle of Perryville my company was commanded by L[ieutenan]t T. B Lawler [Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry] who was killed early in the action and it was then commanded by L[ieutenan]t [F. F.] McCarthy of Co. I [9^th Tennessee Infantry] at which the company was commanded by Capt[ain] [Bradford] Edwards [Company G 9^th Tennessee Infantry] at Murfreesburo by L[ieutenan]t [H. W.] Head [Company H 9^th Tennessee Infantry] at Chickamauga by Capt[ain] [Junius L.] Hall who was wounded early in the action and the command [turned over to] L[ieutenan]t [C. P.] Wylie [Company H 9^th Tennessee Infantry].

Page torn in half

(Page 10)

February

Date

7 For tob. .10

" " Post Stamps .15

8 Paper .12

18 Envelopes .09

20 Stamps .06

.52

I purchased but little this month being in prison where I had no money or no way to make money.

Page torn in half

(Page 11)

Chattanooga, April 28^th. Deposited with John M. Gillespie three miles south of Chattanooga near Lookout Mountain. Subject to my order or to the order of my relatives: 1 long infantry overcoat and cap, 1 vest, 2 pr. H. flannel drawers, 2 knit undershirts, 1 H M [loose] shirt, 1 flannel undershirt.

(Page 12)

April

Date

29^thBorrowed Roffe 1.00

" For paper & env. 1.00

$1.00 $1.00

I was on the road during the month from Chicago to Chattanooga. It was in the later place I borrowed the dollar attended to from one of my fellow prisoners who more fortunate than myself but a friend of whom liberated several dollars. If I had money no doubt I should have spent it freely for I met with many chances on the road to purchase provisions of which I sometimes stood in much need.

(Page 13)

Killed and wounded in Co. G 9^th Tenn. at Chickamauga.

Killed

Priv. W. T. Davis [Assumed to be Private W. D. Davis of Company G]

" Sam McDonald [Assumed to be Private S. M. McDonald of Company H]

" George Hall [Private George Hall of Company G]

" Jno. Dooley [Private J. A. Dooley of Company H]

" Tom Henry [Private Thomas Henry of Company H]

" Foster [Assumed to be Private L. Foster of Company H]

" Fount Halloway [Fount P. Halloway of Company H 9^th]

Wounded: [Private N. W.] Hooper [of Company G], [Private T. W.] Tho. Davis [of Company G], Tom D. Bell, D- [Private Van Buren] Oldham [of Company G], [Private Dick H.] Dalsby [of Company G], [Private] Dalton Collins [of Company G], [Private H. C.] Hunter [of Company G], L[ieutenan]t [R. J.] Dew, and [Private J. J.] Baucom [of Company G].

(Page 14)

May

Date

8 For canteen 5.00

9 Tob. .75

10 Env. & daily paper 1.85

14 Whiskey 7.50

" Paper & Env. 2.00

" Boot half soled 3.00

" Tooth brush .75

" Whiskey 3.25

" Cleaning gun 1.00

" Milk 1.00

18 Tob. 1.00

" Milk 2.00

20 Articles of clothing 28.50

21 Milk .75

22 Sewing points 1.50

" Milk .50

23 Sundries 7.00

Transfer to next page 5.00 41.35

(Page 15)

May

Date

Amount bought forward 5.00 41.35

24 Milk 1.50

26 Cake & Cider 1.00

27 Washing clothing 1.00

28 Sundries 1.50

29 " 4.75

5.00 51.00

Borrowed during the past month

80.00

85.00 51.00

Balance on hand 34.00

I found I needed a great many things after I reached my regiment. The most foolish thing I did was to purchase whiskey at $7.50 a gal. This I had done to please others than myself. $1.00 per [carton] for milk was dear, however, I could borrow as much as I wanted.

(Page 16)

June

Date

1 Paper & env. 2.00

3 Peas .25

6 Sundries 1.50

7 Washing clothes .50

10 Tob. 2.00

11 Milk 1.50

14 Dinner & Milk 1.50

15 Letter paper 1.50

" Borrowed of Davis 2.00

16 Washing and Milk .75

17 Milk .50

18 1 qt. Berries 1.00

19 Milk and pie 1.05

20 1 plug tob. 1.50

21 Daily papers .25

23 Letter paper 1.00

24 Daily paper .10

25 Whiskey 3.00

" Pic & daily paper .65

26 Cake & " " .65

2.00 20.20

(Page 17)

June

Date Received Paid

Amount brought forward 2.00 20.20

26 Wages 199.00

" Debts 172.50

" Davis & Hogg 7.50

27 Whiskey 2.00

28 daily papers .35

208.50 195.05

Balance on hand 13.45

I handled a good sum of money during this month but at its close I could boast of but little on hand. If I do not dispense with whiskey on occasion and such luxuries as pies, milk, cakes etc. I will have to have a promotion to foot the "bill".

(Page 18)

July

Date Received Paid

1 1 plug tob. 2.00

8 Cake 2.00

9 Tob. & Cake 3.00

10 Daily paper .75

14 Tob. 2.00

" Cigars 1.00

16 Cake & forge 7.00

" Loaned Roffe billed 30.00

17 Forge & tob. 6.00

18 Romance Morgan & men (book) 3.50

" Sundries 6.00

19 Forage 5.00

20 Cake .50

21 Whiskey 1.00

" Breakfast & [forage] 5.40

22 [Pipe] 6.00

23 Sundries 3.50

25 Eggs & syrup 3.40

26 Lewis & Hilliard 2.00

Transfer to next page 35.00 55.05

(Page 19)

July

Date

Amount brought forward 35.00 55.05

28 Hilliard for service 2.20

" Cake 1.00

29 " " 1.00

" Supper 1.00

30 Whiskey & peaches 4.50

31 Sundries & cakes 4.25

37.20 66.80

Balance on receipts 29.60

The price of articles I value are increasing. Fruit in particular sells high and the peaches look so delicious and tempting and can not keep from purchasing if he has the money.

(Page 20)

August

July

Date

1 Milk and peas .60

2 Daily paper .10

3 Onions 1.00

4 Peaches & Tob. 1.12 ½

5 Apples .30

6 Laundress etc. .75

" Baucom .50

7 Milk 1.00

" Wages 2 months 22.00

" Baucom 1.00

" Cake & peaches 2.00

8 Laundress 3.00

" Davis borrowed 1.00

9 1 bag onions 1.00

" Peaches .50

10 " " 1.00

" Vawell 4.00

" Beef & letter paper 2.75

11 Cake 1.00

Amount transferred 23.00 21.62 ½

(Page 21)

August

Date

Amount brought forward 23.00 21.62 ½

12 Tob. & peaches 3.50

13 Whiskey 6.00

15 Peaches .50

20 Apples .25

21 Tob. 1.25

22 Peaches .50

29 Borrowed money 3.00

" Letter paper 2.00

30 ½ bag peach .50

31 3 envelopes .25

26.00 38.37 ½

Balance on receipts 12.37 ½

I am always paying int[erest] and never receiving much. My money goes [into] int[terest] and I borrowed [from] home.

(Page 22)

September

Date Received Paid

1 Borrowed of Knox 4.00

" Tob. 4.00

6 Borrowed Fields .50

" Milk .50

12 Tob. 1.00

17 Tob. 1.00

20 Borrowed Collins 10.00

22 Tob. .20

" Bread & Meat 1.35

24 Whiskey 2.00

25 Sundries 5.50

26 Letter paper & env 1.25

14.50 17.10

Balance on receipts 2.60

This month I had little money and used none but what I needed. I was wounded on the 19^th

(Page 23)

and on the 20^th I started to the hospital. Having no money I borrowed some from Collins who was wounded also but had enough money to spare me $10. After reaching Montgomery I was not so particular what I purchased.

(Page 24)

October

Date

1 Sundries & Wages 22.00 5.25

2 Paper .75

3 Provisions 1.00

5 Sundries 3.50

6 Bread & Breakfast 2.90

8 Whiskey 1.50

9 Water melon part .65

10 Sundries .35

12 " " 12.50

13 " " 3.75

14 " " 2.50

15 Whiskey & sundries 4.00

16 Molasses & Bread 3.00

" Tob. 2.00

31 Daily papers .50

47.00 44.60

Dining this month I staid at Montgomery, Alabama when anything could be bought for the money. I spent a great deal for provisions as our rations were scarce.

(Page 25)

In the hospital at Newnan, Georgia [I met] an old man, fifty-five years old. He had given them twelve months service and was captured by the enemy imprisoned on Johnson Island. During last winter, when he had the measles the [and] effects of which he is yet suffering from. The old man needs a discharge but his officers will not grant it on the grounds that his home is inside the Federal lines. How the line gives him the right [not] to be discharged from the service and he can't [do] to the service, [its] impossible, and yet because a man in stripes - his superior officially chooses to keep him here. He is coming to wear away in life which is not useful to his family. I pity him from the bottom of my heart.

(Page 26)

November

Date

1 Daily paper .25

5 Borrowed from Ivy 6.00

" Tob. & apples 1.00

6 Whiskey 3 drinks 3.00

18 [Diffenner] hats 4.00

" Tob. 1.00

19 Post stamps .50

20 For shaving .50

21 Half pork pie .50

23 1 sheet paper .25

25 1 plug tab. 1.00

29 Pocketbook 6.00

" 1 pencil 2.00

30 12 sheets paper 2.00

" Envelopes 1.00

" 1 pen holder .50

17.00 12.50

(Page 27)

Killed and wounded of old Company G 9^th Tenn. at the Battle of Chickamauga on Sept. 19^th , 20^th and 22^nd. (Refer to page 6 of the same section)

Killed W. T. Davis, Private George Hall

Wounded

Lt. R. Dew, R. W. Davis, W. Davis, Tom Davis, Walton, Dalsby, Hunter, Collins, Hooper, Oldham, Baucom, [Sergeant A. E.] Jenkins [of Company G]

Of the above only two were seriously wounded Collins and Hooper. The others were able to go with some help to the hospital.

(Page 28)

December

Date

1 Cash on hand 3.20

" Tob. .50

" Shany .50

2 Rick S. borrowed 1.00

3 3 drinks lager beer 1.00

4 Borrowed of Bill F. 1.00

" 9 part 12 corn bread 1.00

8 Borrowed of Brooks .50

" Tob. .50

" 2 daily papers .50

11 Borr'd of Brooks 2.50

" Borrowed of Scott 10.00

" 1 pint whiskey 12.50

12 Borr'd of Hilliard 2.10

" Paid for tob. 2.10

23 Borr'd of Thomas 50.00

24 Waged & pen 25.00

" P'd Knox & Hilliard 11.00

" " Fields 9.50

" Whiskey 3 gals. 31.00

93.20 91.00

(Page 29)

December

Date Received Paid

Amount brought forth 93.20 91.00

24 Lt. Brooks dues 1.00

28 Postage stamps . 30

30 Washing clothes .30

93.20 92.60

(Page 30)

Summary of Cash Account

Date Received Paid

Jan. For Sundries 92.73

Feb. " " .55

Mar. " " 10.00 20.90

April " Paper & Env. 1.00

May " Sundries 85.00 31.10

June " Wages 208.50 195.03

July Sundries 37.20 66.80

Aug. " 26.00 38.37 ½

Sept. " 14.50 17.10

Oct. " & wages 47.00 44.60

Nov. " 17.00 12.50

Dec. " & wages 93.20 72.60

$538.70 633.32 ½

(Page 31)

Return to Appendix

Camp Dent

(Page 32)

and left as you entered were two rows of barracks or two rooms rather. In front were the offices, one for officers of the guards the other for the transaction of business. In the rear were the dining room, cook room, etc. on a line thus forming a complete square of about 175 feet by 115. This square was uncovered and contained a pump which afforded plenty of water. Passing through the dining room you enter another square or yard walled in

(Page 33)

also with plank. On the left of this and fronting the troops barracks was a guard house for the benefit of the guard. On the right hand side and near the corner was the privy. Entering the barracks on the right and passing out on the east end, you come before another small yard separated from the one in the rear of [the] dining room by the wall already mentioned. This leads to the same privy, it having a partition and two doors to accommodate both

(Page 34)

rooms at breakfast. We enter the dining room single file and were marched to our places at the table. A Negro standing at the end of each table to prevent the men from taking any more than there rations. For breakfast we had 1/3 loaf of bakers bread with one slice of bacon or beef lard on it. No plates or knifes or forks. As soon as the tables were cleared the men were marched into the back yard to wait until all the prisoners

(Page 35)

could eat. This was done to keep any one man from eating twice. At dinner we have the same rations of bread and meat with one Irish potato, onion or little plate of beans. No coffee. At supper you never stopped in the dining room but passed on through in one rank, received your rations of bread and meat from the hands of a Negro who set besides his tray - and you passed on into the yard. In this yard you would sometimes have to stand

(Page 36)

for three hours exposed to rain or snow if either was falling while the remainder of the prisoners were eating. Passing through the night in one rank and receiving your piece of bread and meat in your hands with the number of prisoners we had occupied about two hours which generally kept us out until bedtime. In the barracks, we were accommodated with bunks without straw, lice in abundance, gas light and two stoves to each room. Col[onel] Dent commanded.

Return to Appendix

March, 1864

This morning after breakfast the Lieut[enant] Col[onel] sent news of the names of those who were left behind on the march and soon after we were called out to do extra duty chopping wood for the regiment. Many that were behind were not reported or else were not required to do extra. About twenty are on with me. This is the first extra of any kind I have done since I have been in the service. We did not work but little.

* Lieutenant Colonel John Whitaker Buford of the 9^th Tennessee Infantry

Thursday, March 3

We had inspection today which was for many of us not being called out to chop wood again. I was to be inspected by the company at the post, which was separated from where I was at. I was picked up just before though and was not turned in at all. I had thought that some of my mess might have sent word as there were those of them without guns. I am starting to forget such things as that and it will be so tough for me to be able to catch one of them in the same fix as that and with not being called out. I thought I did so (Rest of page torn and faded beyond recognition) being left behind by my co[mpany] I stood for hours and find I had to stand through the night. I reported to Surg[eon] [Walter] Brice and was excused. Col[onel] [C. S.] Hurt came in today to [review] the regiment but did not manifest such high regards here as I expected. I have reported sick.

Friday, March 4

I have felt very unwell during the day and have take[en] a couple of doses of Calomel. I rec[eive]d a letter today from Uncle Jack Cherry, [Campton] K[entuck]y. It came through the Federal line by hand. He said he rec[eive]d my letter written to him from Camp Douglas and would have sent me money but had not mail facilities to ensure its safe transmission. He wants me to write him. I wrote a letter today to Ellen Rogers of Hilo by one of Cheatham's div[ision]. I also gave a doll[ar] for five cents in turn to pay postage on a letter to go north.

Saturday, March 5

I reported sick again this morning but feeling better than yesterday. I received a letter from Bill Montgomery asking me to collect some money due him in the company and send to him. Maj[or] [John L.] Harris of the Sixth has command and it is thought by some that Harris is to be put in place of Porter, and Buford in command of this regiment. General Johnston [sent] at last for Forrest's Division to get the men back before Gen[eral] Hardee inspected the regiment.

Sunday, March 6

Some boys who have tried to get a transfer from our company to a K[entucky] regiment under an act of Congress allowing transfers from regiments of other states to regiments of the state of which the applicant was a citizen. The transfer was disapproved by the Capt[ain] to the Gen[eral] com[manding], the Col[onel] giving as a reason that the applicants had as many friends here as [when such other promises were broken].

Monday, March 7

I wrote a letter for Alec Hicks* to his representative in Congress asking him to lend his influence with the War Dep[artment] toward getting his transfer. A court was convened today to try the men who were behind on the late last trip.I thought at first I would have to appear before it, but I learned no charges are preferred except in aggravated cases. So we have eight men in the mess. We have divided often [the] tents and cots lately. Jim Melton drew a furlough [for a week] and has gone to Miss[issippi]. Sent a letter by him to my cousin whom I learned were with (Rest of page torn and faded beyond recognition). We had a wind and hard showers [today].

*Assumed to be Alex Hicks of Company G 9^th Infantry

Tuesday, March 8

The guard are very strict now, not letting anyone pass threw lines without a signed pass. It is a hard [job] to make the guards do their duty. They will [not let] pass now even if he says he has a pass. I was around the day before a guard to see if I could pay for my pass. I have also tried [another guard to get a pass but got nothing]. I will have to pay (writing faded beyond recognition).

Wednesday, March 9

I have to pay fifty-four Dollars for the gun with which I blame my Captain. Harv Collier* has returned well of his wounds. We are now crowded having nine in our mess. It has rained. I wrote a letter to Capt[ain] Baker of 4^th K[entuck]y asking to know when he would be passing so that I might answer my Uncle. We are yet having drill, and the wind is blowing so hard, making it very disagreeable.

*Assumed to be Harvey Collier of Company G 9^th Infantry

Thursday, March 10

I think furloughs will soon play out as the last sent up from our company were approved only for eighteen days. Gen[eral] Cheatham has gone to West Point after his men. Maj[or] Wilder* of the 6^th and Capt[ain] Hilliard of the 9^th gone with him. It was expected that we would have Division drill, but the day past off without it. I carried some oil cloth to the tailors to have a Haversack made. I am on guard.

*Assumed to be Major J. B. Wilder of the 6^th Infantry

Friday, March 11

I did not stand guard all the night but was relieved at 11 o'clock when it commenced raining. The boys have a game of [base]ball every day. I begin to weary of this life, yet I had rather remain idle than fight if it would answer the same purpose. The battle fought in Florida was a complete victory. Gen[eral] [Marcus Joseph] Wright is commanding at Atlanta.

Saturday, March 12

We have had no Brigade or Division drill yet, although, several starts have been made. The boys were permitted to go to town today [for] those who wished to fund their money. Not many of our regiment funded, few did prefer to take their chances of discounting it at 33 ½ cents. Monroe Sears, a brother to the wife of my Uncle Jack Cherry at present belonging to 4^th K[entucky] Regiment, was here today. Before the war, he was not considered of good character. His Capt[ain] gave me word that any letter sent to his camp would be forwarded by the men.

Sunday, March 13

We had inspection this morning. It was reported today that we were going to West Point. An order was given to all the men today to turn over all baggage that they could not carry on a march. Gov[ernor] Brown* of this state in his message to the legislature attacks the recent actions of Congress in passing the currency military and the bill suspending the writ of habeas corpus.

*Governor Joseph E. Brown of Georgia

Monday, March 14

I have read Brown's message. He says the actions of Congress in passing the military currency and bill suspending the writ of habeas corpus is unconstitutional. I wrote a letter to a lady in N[orth] C[arolina] through the representation of Harv Collier. Also wrote one to Bill Montgomery. We had Div[ision] drill. I went down as a spectator. [General Patrick R.] Cleburne drilled also.

Tuesday, March 15

The day is very cold. We went down to town on drill again. Gen[eral] Hardee attends in person. Gen[eral] Strahl drills the div[ision]; Col[onel] Porter commands our Brig[ade], Farquaharson* being under arrest. The spectacle is grand to one who looks on to see so many men drilling at one time. Gen[eral] Hardee was certainly not satisfied with our drill or he would not continue it. I suffered during the night hours a ringing in my head. The day was bitter cold and as we had no houses [was] really disagreeable. I have drawn for a gun.

*Colonel Robert Farquaharson of the 41^st Infantry

Wednesday, March 16

We have sent Harv Collier to Atlanta on a three day furlough, borrowed from another man, to buy some bread. In the evening heavy volleys of musketry were heard together with an occasional cannon shot which caused at first much excitement but was ascertained to be a sham fight between Cleburne and Stewart's divisions. I have suffered worse from a cold than any day previous this season. My head pains me very much.

Thursday, March 17

Dr. Fenner* of Tenn[essee] has got a furlough to go to West Tenn[essee]. It is said that no more furloughs will be granted and is thought that active operations will commence immediately. Gen[eral] Cheatham did not go in person after his men. He is only gone to Richmond. Gen[eral] Johnston refusing to grant him permission to go outside telegraphic communication. We had no drill today. The air is some warmer than yesterday.

*Assistant Surgeon John S. Fenner of the 6^th Tennessee Infantry

Friday, March 18

We had battalion drill but I did not march being excused by the surgeon. It is said that the influenza is fearfully increasing. The 4^th regiment in our Brig[ade] has been quarantined on account of it. In the Brigade opposite there are some stocks, and men are in them from morning until night. I do not believe that Tennesseans would submit to such treatment. It is thought by every one that we will move soon. George Milner and myself [stayed] with Strahl's Brigade last night.

Saturday, March 19

I promised to write a letter for Rich Moss to a lady whose acquaintance he made while south in a hospital. He had forgotten her name. My head continues to pain me and runs free from the rising. I have drawed me a p[ai]r of pants large enough for any man. I bought a beef liver and heart for which I paid $2.00. The papers report Grant concentrating at Chattanooga and urge upon our authorities the importance of concentration. One of the boys drew the chance for a furlough and many are into [betting].

Sunday, March 20

I was on guard today but did not stand during the night because I was cold. S[ergeant] Henderson who went as far as Jackson on furlough has returned. We heard nothing from L[ieutenant] Dew. Hilliard is going home if he gets his furlough. I will send by him again for money for fear Dew does not bring it. It is said our divisions and Walker's will fight a sham fight. I think we ought not to be put against each other since there are hard feelings existing between the troops. I received a letter from Vowel.

Monday, March 21

I helped to clean up today but did return early since I was on guard besides I did not like to do anything under the order of L[ieutenant Heley. In the evening I managed to keep off drill and at night Baucom and myself went over to Strahl's Brigade to tell some of the boys to write if they wished. This morning the snow on the ground is terribly deep.

Tuesday, March 22

After breakfast a game of snowball was gotten up between our Brigade and [General States Rights] Gist's; [General Alfred J.] Vaughan's joined us and [General Clement H.] Stephen's joined Gist so that in all there were six or seven thousand men. We had colors and officers to lead us out and back. We drove the Georgians out of their camp. In the evening we engaged again and whipped out the whole div[ision]. Hilliard is gone to West Tenn[essee] on 30 day furlough. I wrote by him to Ma and sister.

Wednesday, March 23

This morning the snow had most all disappeared. Enough however remained for another fight between our Div[ision] and Walker's. After whipping them out we were attacked by Vaughan's Brigade but stood our ground. I [stayed] all night with Bill Thomas.*

*Assumed to be Sergeant W. A. Thomas of Company K 31^st Infantry

Thursday, March 24

We fired at a target in the forenoon at a distance of four hundred y[ards]. The closest shot being eleven inches. Out of four shots I hit the board once. In the afternoon we drilled company drill. During the night we had a severe storm of wind which blew down great numbers of shelters. It is reported we are going to move.

Friday, March 25

I went out today with two others and cut a load of wood. It was raining. Wood is very scarce here and we have to go some distance to get anything except pine. We have paid $10 for an empty barrel of molasses and are making a barrel of "Meat Stew." Hunter wounded at Chickamauga has come in from hospital. He is not [ready] for duty.

Saturday, March 26

We went out again today and shot at a target. Distance 600 y[ards]. Nearest shot eleven inches of center. I then cleaned up my gun for inspection. I also washed me a suit of clothing and changed. Grant is put Chief in command of Yankee armies. Northern papers report that another "on to Richmond" will soon be commenced. Our papers do not credit this, and advise our authorities to keep a look out in that direction. A correspondent in the papers claims the honor of [best] recruiting for this regiment.

Sunday, March 27

The day has been very lonesome to me at heart. There was preaching among Gist's Brig[ade]. I am trying to stop chewing tob[acco] but find it difficult. It is a wonder to us all why Joe Dew does not come back since we do not believe him guilty of desertion and we thought him shrewd enough to run the gauntlet.

Monday, March 28

We had Corps drill today. When I first came into the service I thought that only our regiment was as much as [it] could be drilled, so green was I, but we climbed from regimental to corps drill, and then the next thing will be an army drill. The wind blew very hard and it was very disagreeable on the field. During the night we had rain. Our rations are very scarce. Have only [corn bread].

Tuesday, March 29

I am on guard. I do not know how to take the weather here. Today it is really cold. Gen[eral] Johnston [himself] inspected the brig[ade] today. The Georgians in Walker's div[ision] think the Tennesseans are great fellows. We have a very bad opinion of Walker's div[ision]. Did not stand guard at night.

Wednesday, March 30

We shot at targets again today distance 200 y[ards]. I hit within four inches center, closest shot by the company ¾ inch. The day is bitter cold. Two of the Avalanche are furloughed and will go to West Tenn[essee]. I came near having a difficulty with orderly Davis in regard to drawing a blanket. He is a notorious rascal and were it not for fear of punishment would get many thrashings.

Thursday, March 31

We went out on the drill ground today to have what was called a "rehearsal" that is going through all the motions of fighting preparatory to a sham fight. The whole corps of four Div[isions] was present and maneuvered as though they were fighting. Gen[eral] Cheatham was present and commanded his Div[ision]. Our Brig[ade] takes a battery from [General William B.] Bate's Div[ision]. During the night it rained.

Return to Appendix

April, 1864

At this time last year I was sailing through the Northwest having bidden adieu to my prison in Chicago and was returning South. We did not have the sham fight today as anticipated the weather being too bad. I went to Strahl's Brigade. Dick Dalby* sent a letter from home. The days are cold for the season.

*Assumed to be Private Dick H. Dalby of Company G 9^th Infantry

Saturday, April 2

We had nothing to do today as usual on Saturdays. The boys washed their clothes and cleaned up for Sunday inspection. The papers all say and everybody says this army is in better spirits than ever before. I can not see why it is even thought it is so, yet I believe the men will fight desperately in the next battle. It is reputed Forrest has burned Paducah, K[entuck]y.

Sunday, April 3

Times are beginning to be as lonesome to me as some days at Chattanooga last year. There was preaching in the regiment. I am out of money and do not know what I am to do, since the "currency act" will make money so scarce. Joe Dew arrived late in the night but brought no letters for me.

Monday, April 4

Several of the company will share money from home in amounts from five to ten doll[ar]s. I can not see why my people did not write to me since Mr. Scott sent me word that they had rec[eived] my letters. It is a rainy day and we have mud in abundance. Several of the 31^st Tenn[essee] have been here today with hopes to hear from home.

Tuesday, April 5

Joe Dew tells a sad tale of the people in Weakley Co[unty] Tenn[essee]. Many of them are without provisions and the last horse has been taken from most of them. Dresden is a den for free Negroes who carry the day. I am in hopes that Forrest who is now in that section will straighten them. It has been threatening rain again today. The order for furloughs for every ten men is terminated.

Wednesday, April 6

The day was beautiful. The sun shone bright and warm, making one feel like he should not be idle. Strange enough we had nothing at all to do. Even the Goober Grabblers were idle. It was thought at first that we would have the sham fight. In the night it clouded.

Thursday, April 7

Although we had a puddle of rain in the morning the sham fight was announced. Our Div[ision] and Walker's were arranged against Cleburne and Bate's. The firing resembled that of a real engagement. Several men I understood were hurt by coming too near the muzzle of the gun.

Friday, April 8

Today it has rained again. It seems that we can not have any fair weather. It is thought by everyone that we will be the next object of attack by the Yankees. Marion Gardner* has a furlough and will go home. I wrote to mother. We have no news from Forrest. I read a letter from Montgomery. He wants to go home.

*Assumed to be Private F. M. Gardner of Company H 9^th Infantry

Saturday, April 9

The day has been very blustery and threatening rain. Rich Moss has [stayed] with us all the day. He did no duty. It is thought some of the transfers will go today. I do not wish to go myself. At night I went to [the] 31^st Tenn[essee] and found a man ready to start to Weakley Co[unty] on furlough. I wrote a short note to mother.

Sunday, April 10

I cooked today. It is seldom we have any preaching, when we do an audience can scarcely be had. Prayer meeting is very [common] yet better interest seems to be manifested by the soldiers. I have past the day in reading newspapers and ruminating upon the past. Gen[eral] Forrest H[ead] Q[uarters] on the 24^th were at Dresden.

Monday, April 11

I have been on guard today. Henry Vaughan*, and others of 31^st Tenn[essee] have furloughs to go to Paris and Trenton, Tenn[essee]. I sent two letters to Ma and one to Miss A. Oh, how I wish I could get a furlough. I do not know what I would give for one if I had [the] money. It is reported Gen[eral] Forrest has retreated to Bolivar Tenn[essee]. I am very unwell.

*Assumed to be Henry Vaughan of Company K 31^st Infantry

Tuesday, April 12

Last night while over at Strahl's Brigade I felt bad and got some pills of [Blue Mass] to take. Today I have felt very unwell. It has rained again. It seems almost impossible for us to have more than one day of pretty weather at a time. Brooks and Baucom went fishing with a sieve in company with some of [the] 31^st Tenn[essee] and brought in a mess of nice fish. Bill Fields, Joe Dew and Dalsby are on picket.

Wednesday, April 13

I was excused by the surgeon from drill. In the evening I went to Strahl's Brig[ade] and at night Rich Moss came over and sta[yed] with me until morning. At dress parade an order was read in the Brigade to place one man in Wright's, one in Strahl's and one in ours in stocks with other punishment. The day is clear and beautiful.

Thursday, April 14

Today is the anniversary of the bombardment of Fort Sumter. This day 3 years ago the nation's banner was made to trail in the dust and a new nation was born. What has passed in this long interval will be recorded by Historians with wonder. I am unwell and have done no duty. I went to the city of Dalton and bought half gallon of molasses for which I paid $10. Roffe of 31^st went with me. I think my health is failing me and if warm weather does not approach soon I am fearful I will have a spell of sickness. I am getting very anxious to hear from A- of Ky and hope that [before] long I will receive a letter from her.

Friday, April 15

I did nothing today on account of feeling so bad. In the evening, [Arthur St. Clair] Colyar, member of Congress from Tenn[essee] spoke to the Brig[ade]. He is very sanguine in his hopes and thinks the war will close in less than twelve months. Thinks we have reasons to prefer the re-election of Lincoln in the North. Says our prospects are brighter than at any period for twelve months previous.

Saturday, April 16

We have had no drill today it being the general day for cleaning up. There are no Atlanta papers yet. The Rebel of this morning contains news that Kirby Smith has defeated Banks in L[ouisiana] and also that [General James R.] Chalmers has captured Fort Pillow on the Miss[issippi] River. A Yankee member of Congress for proposing to discuss the propriety of recognizing the South is about to be executed. The day is fair.

Sunday, April 17

The papers seem to confirm yesterday's dispatches. Saturday night our Brig[ade] and Vaughan's [men] tore down the stocks that had been erected in Wright's Brig[ade] by invitation of Wright's men. The guard was ordered to fire but fired in the air. A court of inquiry has been in session to find out the individuals.

Monday, April 18

I changed my diary from morning until evening. I will commence with the evening and close with the evening. The stocks are liking to create a serious difficulty. The authorities seem determined that they should stand and the soldiers will tear them down. It is said Strahl's Brig[ade] tore his down today. Gen[eral] Cheatham says they must stand and those captured in tearing them down punished. Gen[eral] Johnston has suspended furloughs.

Tuesday, April 19

The stock question seems to have subsided. Although I do not rush to engage in mutiny and love and respect Gen[eral] Cheatham, I can but hope that they will be torn down, for such punishment will have a demoralizing effect and is a humiliation worse than death. Yet what is worse than mutiny. Besides the stocks can be erected in spite of the efforts of the div[ision] and an attempt to resist authority will sully our good names. Gen[eral] Johnston reviewed the whole army today. I think that we will move soon.

Wednesday, April 20

The boys receive letters from home today. None come for me. I do wish they would write. I shall never forgive them for the way they have treated me all except my mother. Strahl's Brig[ade] continues to tear down the stocks as fast as they are put up. It is reported [General George Henry] Thomas has moved his H[ead] Q[uarter]s to Ringgold [Georgia] and his army is advancing. A squad was sent out today it was said to fortify. We have drilled company drill.

Thursday, April 21

It is said that instead of fortifying, the men that went out yesterday determined some think to interrupt the enemy moves. I have been on guard and have guarded some men that helped to charge the stocks. It is said that Strahl has picked men out of his Brigade to guard the stocks. Papers reported Gen[eral] Forrest again at or in the vicinity of Paducah and Columbus, K[entuck]y. The enemy is said to be in action in front. I have written letter to Uncle Jack Cherry.

Friday, April 22

The officers of the guard taken the responsibility to release the prisoners so that we did not have to stand guard during the night. Stood two hours this morning. Another order sent round to send all the extra baggage to the rear. Ed Walton's wife,* sister of Capt[ain] Head, is here to see him. Hilliard's furlough is out today but I don't think he will be in for several days. I have had me a haversack cut out of a piece of carpeting to carry my clothes in when we move.

*Assumed to be E.S. Walton of Company H 9^th Infantry and wife Lucy Walton

Saturday, April 23

Contrary to custom we drilled Brig[ade] drill. It seems from the dispatches that Forrest was forced to retire from Paducah. No news from the front. Every man thinks we will have to fight here very soon. I have been at work on my Haversack which I have completed and was offered five doll[ar]s for it. Some of the mess have gone fishing with [the Sergeant].

Sunday, April 24

Last night at sunset we were ordered to prepare one day's ration. As today was my cook day and Baucom, who is my partner being absent, I had the cooking to do myself. This morning bright and early we went to work on a dam across a creek in our front. It is supposed the object of these dams is to overflow the country to prevent the enemy from flanking. The fishermen returned in the night with a lot [and we] fired the fish.

Monday, April 25

The work we did on the dam was washed away before it was completed, from the quantity of water which flowed against it we supposed the dams had broke above. Today we drilled bat[talion] and company drill. The reg[iment] does worse at drilling than I have known for a long time. I attribute this to the way we are drilling under so many and different officers. I drew a knapsack, and cut it to pieces to make a haversack.

Tuesday, April 26

I got a pass this morning to go to town but gave it to another man and remained in camp to work on my haversack. We have company drill in the morning and evening. The reg[iment] is not so well drilled as one might suppose. It requires practice which we ought to have, but we have drilled under so many different officers, men who don't know how to drill themselves, that the boys will not try to drill.

Wednesday, April 27

I secured a pass which excused me from drill while I completed my haversack. I could sell it now for twenty four doll[ar]s. One of Joe Dew's relatives came to see him. We have reports from the front that indicate a fight. Skirmishing going on today. It is the opinion of all that we will fight soon. We are going to move our camps - a detail being sent out to clean off the ground.

Thursday, April 28

We have move[d] to our new camp ground. Last night we were acquainted with the fact that we were to be taken from the Avalanche and be consolidated with Co[mpany] A of [the] 9^th under Locke.* We are now with Co[mpany] A and occupy the position of Co[mpany] I in the reg[iment]. The Avalanche and old Co[mpany] C make two companies so we now have ten companies in the reg[iment]. During the evening a heavy cannonade was heard. We have divided our mess - Brooks, Milner, Dew and Dalby gone to themselves. We have made board shelters.

*Assumed to be Captian J. B. Locke of Company A 9^th Infantry

Friday, April 29

Our boards were hauled and we have built a stove and pole beds. In all we are much better situated than at our old camp. The cannonading was resumed today in front and we were ordered to be ready to move at a moment's warning. It is said that some of the div[ision] has gone. A fight is apparent and that a fight scarcely equaled.

Saturday, April 30

This morning Hilliard arrived from home bringing with him letters, money, and some articles of clothing for the company. I received some shirts, socks, a pocket knife, hat and forty nine doll[ar]s in greenback and 150 in Con[federate] money. Received some letters from Ma and brother, also one from Miss A - K[entucky] of date June 26, 1863. I was delighted to hear from home. I also received my gold watch and chain. Firing continued in front today.

Return to Appendix

May, 1864

A sad accident happened last night. While a large crowd was attending divine services, a tree close by fell among them killing six instantly - four others have since died and we buried them this evening with the honors of war. Hol. Lacewell* from my old com[pany] was killed and one other man from our reg[iment] Hicks* was slightly wounded.

*Privates Holland Lacewell and J. E. Hicks of Company G 9^th Infantry

Monday, May 2

After the sad affairs of yesterday I feel much fatigued being one of the members that escorted the remains of the men to the burial ground. They were buried in two rows side by side. Early in the night we cooked one day's rations and today having been at work on some rifle ditches. The enemy advanced on Tunnel Hill in the morning but retired after skirmishing a while. The div[ision] was kept in readiness to move.

Tuesday, May 3

This morning we were called out to clean up the campground. Having [to] suit up for a pass to go to town. I did not take long then and [I] came back. I then went to Dalton going by Strahl's Brig[ade] where I learned that Walker's Div[ision] had gone to the front with one day's ration. In town I bought five [pounds] of peas paying 60¢ per. Yesterday I bought 3 [pounds] paying 75¢. I left my watch with a jeweler in Dalton to have some work done on it. I would much [prefer] they had not sent me my watch chain from home. Bill Montgomery is here, having come from Cassville after his money and clothing sent him from home. My letters from home offers me much satisfaction. My folks were well. Steve Jones had been conscripted and my brother was expecting the officers after him. I would not care so much for Jones but for my sister and her children. If they should conscript my brother then Ma, his own, and Steve's family will be without a protector. None of Ma's many Negroes had run off and neither had any of mine. Ma wishes me to remain until I can come home honorably and she was opposed to me going to [the] cavalry.

Wednesday, May 4 - Friday, May 11 missing

Thursday, May 12

(Prior page missing) move down on our left and we have to follow and offer them [a] fight in the open field. I hear this evening that they have succeeded on forcing a very important gap on our left. The word from Virginia is conflict and not at all satisfactory. I have some fear for the safety of the capital.

Friday, May 13

We lay in the streets until nine o'clock before the cars came for us to load. The right wing of the Regiment worked first so that I got to sleep until 12 o'clock, then I worked hard until daylight. We were promised some whiskey for our labor but the Col[onel] for fear the Yankees or some other cause would not give us time to draw it, so that every man pitched in and got his own [drink]. I got a cup half-full which I divided (corner of page torn) I then felt it very much. I dropped (page torn) Dalton then traveled (page torn) overtaking seven or (page torn) who had give out (page torn) that we will (page torn) at our ... and ... by (page torn). The ... Dalton ... Wheeler will (page torn) him near the town ... any I am more ... Richmond not that ... important to the Yankees but [for the] demoralizing effect upon our men.

Saturday, May 14

Early in the night we [have] taken our positions on the line near the center I suppose for supporting Wright's Brig[ade]. This morning the sharpshooters commenced a terrible fight. Having no breastworks for the reverse we [had] taken positions under a hill. We have artillery and several batteries to our left and in front of us. The enemy seems also to have several batteries in front as continual shelling has been going on. About 12 or 1 o'clock the fight opened on the right and has been continued ever since. While writing a man reports that Gen[eral][John Bell] Hood has repulsed five lines of the enemy. Night is approaching which I hope may put an end to the contest. Tomorrow will likely put an end to the fight. We have lost ten men killed on the right. Several wounded.

Sunday, May 15

The fighting was resumed on the right at about ten o'clock. We were not attacked in our positions. In the evening our Brig[ade] went to the right to the support of Gen[eral] Stewart. We were the 3^rd line and the column advanced at 4 P.M. The line before us gave way and we were soon drawn up on the railroad. The Yankees then advanced and the right of the Brig[ade] became engaged. The troops on our left gave way and we were ordered to return by Gen[eral] Stewart. We came off in very bad order which was occasioned partly by thick woods. We lost none killed that I know. We are now back where we started to advance, and form the 3^rd line.

Monday, May 16

The "goober grabblers" were rallied and formed in the first line. Gen[eral] Maney had his horse shot from under him. He snorted because Gen[eral] Stewart would not let him go on to the Yankee works. We are considered fortunate in getting out safe and Gen[eral] Stewart told Gen[eral] Maney that he could not see his Brig[ade] cut to pieces. Gen[eral] Maney felt his whisky I think after we came out. We did not remain longer in our positions than dark when we moved by the left flank toward town and waited until twelve o'clock when the balance of the men joined us. At this time it was apparent that we were evacuating the place. Canon were dismantled and divisions were moved from their positions leaving only a line of skirmishes. The Yankees were evidently appraised of our movements for they shelled the entire line and the skirmishing resembled an engagement. There was great hurry to cross the troops over the river before daylight and we were marching fast. About two o'clock we came within miles of Calhoun [Georgia] and rested until morning when we formed a line. The Yankees were close after us for by this time firing was heard close on our rear. We remained here but a short time when we moved through the town [and] took a road toward Kingston. Moved a short distance and were halted in the road. Here we remained until near night. In the meantime, the enemy came up and engaged Bate's Div[ision] in our rear. We were then moved back near the scene of action - formed columns, stacked arms and are now awaiting orders. I understand that Gen[eral] Bate drove the enemy back a short distance. Col[onel] Porter is com[manding] brig[ade], Gen[eral] Maney being sick. L[ieutenant] Col[onel] of 6^th Harris* com[mands] the reg[iment]. Buford feigning sickness and [has] gone to [the] Hospital. The boys say he will not do too well.

Tuesday, May 17

Bate it is said lost five hundred men but drove the enemy before him. At 1 o'clock the reveile was sounded and we were soon on the march. Early in the day we reached the little station Adairsville [Georgia] and filed into the woods and rested with orders not to leave our guns. The balance of the army moved farther on. In the evening it clouded and commenced raining. Soon canon were heard and it was known that the enemy were pressing our cavalry. We had commenced stretching our blankets when we were called into line and the division thrown into a kind of hollow square or ambuscade to catch the cavalry. As the enemy came near and our cavalry resisted more stubbornly, it was known that they had infantry in reserve and our lines were formed accordingly. I thought our Div[ision] were the only troops on the ground but when formed found that we had two lines in reserve. We were formed in an open field where the enemy's shooters had fair play at us and where their batteries were in full range. Although night was approaching and all prospects of a general engagement affirmed for the morrow, we expected to have a hard little fight. Behind us was Turner's battery which we captured at Perryville and an open field with a reserve half mile distant. Before us the enemy, three hundred [yards] distant, [and] to reach we would have to charge through an open field. A battery in front was playing on us. We wanted and expected orders to charge the battery. Not receiving them we expected to be charged and then would come a hand to hand conflict for our reserve [which] was too far distant and we would save our battery. Happily however we did not become engaged although an attack was made on our right and left but was repulsed. We lost one man killed in the reg[iment] and three wounded. The Yankees set fire to a house in front of us and after night some time the skirmishing was continued by its light. Some think we will fight tomorrow while others say we will continue to retreat.

Wednesday, May 18

We remained in line of battle until 12 o'clock expecting orders every moment so that we could get no sleep. We were then withdrawn noiselessly without attracting the attentions of the enemy who were busily engaged fortifying. The night was very dark and the roads muddy so that it was disagreeable marching. Coming to the railroad we marched on that for several miles crossing [on the] tressels. The Brig[ade] became much scattered and many lay down and went to sleep by the roadside. I stopped half an hour before day and slept until it was light enough to see how to walk without so much difficulty. The most of the reg[iment] got together and came on but I traveled as best suited me either behind or before. At Kingston we met with Marion Gardner who had just come out from West Tenn[essee]. He brought me two letters from Ma which was a great relief to me to hear from Ma and know that she was doing well. Marion says that the country will soon be overrun by Yankees. I tremble for my folks. We are two miles beyond Kingston where we are resting, I have heard nothing from the Yankees in the rear. Ma writes me that there is something due me from the [deed] of my brother and sister's estate. I would be glad to go home and have a settlement, but Ma writes to me not to come until I can do so honorably.

Thursday, May 19

We remained in our positions today until 11 o'clock when we were very hurriedly ordered to prepare to move. It was evident, however previous, that the whole army was in motion. We went back a short distance and formed our Brig[ade] and Strahl's on the front line, Vaughan's and Wright's in the reserve. Gen[eral] Johnston announces his determination to retreat no farther and says we will turn on the enemy. After remaining a while in our position we moved to the right and rear some distance and will form on a ridge. I understand Gen[eral] Hood [commands] the right, Gen[eral] Polk the center and Hardee the left with our divisions on his right. I met Roffe this evening who is on the infirmary corps [and] he gave me a drink of whiskey. The associations for the relief of the wounded are on the ground ready for work.

Friday, May 20

We were waked at 12 o'clock and called into line. Then marched off at we thought was another position on the same line, but we soon found that we were evacuating our position. In the line last night we were in reserve supporting [General H. W.] Mercer's and Strahl's Brig[ade]. We marched in the direction of Etowah [River, Georgia] and two o'clock found us at the river together with several other Div[isions] waiting for the wagon train to cross. My shoes have give[n] out, I am almost barefoot [and] so that I found it impossible to keep up with my reg[iment]. Reaching the river I managed to slip through the guards and came ahead two miles and rested until the Div[ision] came up. Why we retreated I do not know. Some say that Gen[eral] Hood could not rely on his men to hold their position. The army is all safe on the [south] side of the river [and] we are resting. Roffe gave me another drink of whiskey as we came on, which was very acceptable.

Saturday, May 21

In the night I was waked up by Knox who had drawn me a pair of shoes. Although two numbers too large I [had] taken them for fear I would be accused of wishing to play out of the fight. Two men who accompanied Henry Vaughan to West Tenn[essee] from Strahl's Brig[ade] have returned. They say Vaughan has joined Forrest and will not return to his [command]. Also that the Yankees were in West Tenn[essee]. Gen[eral] Forrest was at Tupelo with five days rations. It was thought he was going into Middle Tenn[essee]. We have been resting here all day but expecting to move, I know not in what direction. The sick and barefoot have been sent to the rear. Our rations which were due us last night did not appear until this evening, so that we were scarce of something to eat. The Yankees are on the other side of the river. It is said that a heavy force has crossed below us. It seems that so far we have the best of the fight in V[irgini]a yet the two armies are still confronting each other. The sensation [of the] dispatches which announced the capture of both [General Frederick] Steele and Banks in the trans-Miss[issippi]-dep[artment] have died out and we now know that both these Gen[erals] have been whipped but not captured. Two men from the company consolidated with mine got on the cars today for being barefoot. I rec[eived] my new shoes too soon and yet why do I not know that it is impossible for me to get off a good thing.

Sunday, May 22

We have rested here again today contrary to all expectations. I can not hear what the enemy are doing. It is impossible to find out even what our own armies are doing. It seems that the two armies in V[irginia] each claim a victory. I can not but be uneasy about the safety of V[irigini]a. for Grant is aspiring to the presidential chair and his victories are generally achieved by overwhelming numbers. He cares but little for the sacrifice of his men provided he [can] gain his ends. This is a very lonesome place reminding me very much of the bivouac near Lafayette previous to the Chickamauga fight. I think this calm and quiet is only the prelude to one of the bloodiest battles of the war. We have orders to be ready to move at a moments warning. I am of the opinion that we re-cross the river.

Monday, May 23

We lay expecting orders to move until daylight. I felt very unwell from sleeping on the naked ground. About two o'clock we moved off left [to the] front and it was the opinion of some that we're going to cross the river. We had a slight shower in the evening which made it more pleasant marching. We are now camping, I hardly know where in Paulding County, however [we] are seven or eight miles from where we started. It is thought that we are going to Dallas to check on the enemy who are reported to be crossing in that direction. I do not know which route the columns under Polk and Hood are moving or even whether they are moving at all.

Tuesday, May 24

Although our time is counted from the 23^rd we were not really mustered into the service until this day three years ago. Three years of soldiering works quite a change. I was then a stout robust young man, but now one would take me to be at least thirty and my health is considerably impaired. Out of the number who taken the oath with me on that day but few are left of the old company now. They have been killed, disabled, discharged, died, not a few deserted. It was my intention during the last two years to quit the service when this time came round, but the war has not yet closed and the service of every man is required. Besides I can not leave without being reported a deserter and considered as such. Feeling very unwell this morning. I had my gun, blanket, c[artridge] box and [hatchet] in the ambulance. The division did not go to Dallas but turned in the direction of Marietta. I went off the road a short distance and got a dinner and a few onions to carry to my men. Walking to overtake the Brig[ade] I met it coming back. I guess the enemy are pressing our rear or it may be that Johnston intends fighting them here. We moved back three miles west into the woods and camped. It is raining and we are stretching our blankets to protect us during the night.

Wednesday, May 25

We remained in our position until morning when we moved out on a new cut-road and formed in lines of battle. Here we remained until near night when we were moved still farther on towards the front. Fighting going on near what I suppose to be the center of our lines. I understand Gen[eral] Polk is engaging the enemy with a portion of his men. It is reported Gen[eral Joseph] Wheeler has succeeded in reaching [General William T.] Sherman's rear and destroyed a large wagon train. It is also reported that Gen[eral] Lee has engaged Grant in V[irginia] with success. Tomorrow perhaps a general engagement will take place. The whole army is moving into position and everything indicates the morrow is the day of trial. Would to God that it was over with. I feel very unwell and were it not under circumstances like the present I would refuse to do any duty. I have reported myself to my surgeon for three days in succession but he has gave me no medicine and has not even examined me. He thinks perhaps that I am pretending or it is quite likely that he does not think the most of me since the affairs of Christmas.

Thursday, May 26

We halted last night in the road and after standing some time in the rain were told that we might build fires. We did so and lay down and went to sleep. At 2 o'clock we were roused and marched a couple of miles when we filed to the left half that distance and formed in lines on the right on the Brig[ade] supporting Strahl who occupies a position on the mountain. We have been staying here expecting orders and expecting a dash on some part of our line. Strahl's men have fortified. It is thought that Johnston will [force] Sherman to an engagement. I am very unwell and if I do not get better will have to hang up.

Friday, May 27

We were waked up again this morning at 3 o'clock and moved by the left flank about 3 miles, then halted and formed on the top of a ridge - Strahl and Vaughan in front, Maney and Wright reserve. At sunrise we advanced across a valley down into the enemy's pickets capturing several. Vaughan charged the enemy's line posted on a high ridge, on finding them too strong he retired. After moving about for some time our reg[iment] managed to get into breastworks that Bate had built. Here we remained until late in the evening when we were cut off and posted as a reserve for our own reg[iment] which now composed the first line. Very heavy skirmishing has been going on all day with considerable effect to both parties. Fighting has been heard on the right today. I have been sick the whole day and feel very much like I will have to go to the rear. We have lost one man killed in the fight and several wounded. The general engagement will doubtless come off tomorrow, though some are of the opinion that Johnston will retreat to the Chattahoochie before fighting.

Saturday, May 28

While laying under the hill we had two or three men wounded by balls which came twenty feet high but would strike things and glance. Really there is no safety within two miles of a battlefield. Towards night (last night) getting no better I went to surg[eon] Turner in charge got a certificate and pass to go to the Div[ision] Hospital. It was so late however that I concluded to wait until today. Some fighting was done on our right after night. This morning at 3 o'clock the Div[ision] was moved by the right flank four miles near the church where it was formed on the left of Walker who moved with us. I left the reg[iment] at Gen[eral] Hardee's H[ead] Q[uarter]'s and not knowing where to find the hospital I selected me a cool shade by the side of a brook and slept until the afternoon when I searched and found the Hospital with Dr. Turner who had preceded me. Bob Davis is here and it is said he is very sick, but I doubt his being dangerous. There is a good crowd of wounded and some sick here. Most of the wounded have been cut off. The wounds appear more serious than those at the battle of Chickamauga. Turner gave me some medicine. I will return in the morning. The camp wagons are nearby and I went and got me a clean shirt, drawers and socks.

Sunday, May 29

At night one of Co[mpany] H, who consolidated with us, came in being sick. We slept together under a wagon. This morning I reported to Brice, the surg[eon] of Brig[ade], and had my name registered so that I might not be considered a straggler. A pretty heavy fight occurred during the night on the line occupied a few days since by our Div[ision], now by Bate, without any material advantage to either party. Col[onel] Lamb* from Henry Co[unty] Tenn[essee] was mortally wounded and brought in here. Everything quiet today except a little skirmishing in the evening. Dr. Brice** came here and relieved Dr. Turner who went to the reg[iment]. I reported to Brice and got some quinine. It is thought here that the army will fall back still farther and things are being prepared so that when orders come to move all will be ready. I do not believe that Johnston will retire from this.

*Assumed to be Colonel Jonathan J. Lamb of the 5^th Infantry

**Dr. Walter Brice of Company H 9^th Infantry

Monday, May 30

We did not move last night as anticipated. All the wounded were sent off during the night so that none remains but the sick. Everything very quiet on the lines. Occasionally some of the men come in to see a wounded friend but stay only for a few minutes and return. There is very little straggling, less from our Div[ision] than I have seen from others. This evening Bob Davis was sent off to the Hospital. I do not like to accuse a man wrongfully but I believe Davis is "playing off." Brice says he will send me off first opportunity. I have felt very unwell during the day.

Tuesday, May 31

The sick draw thin rations here (raw) with the nurses. The nurses use the cooking utensils first so that if a man is able to cook for himself he has nothing to cook in. Last night there was heavy firing on the lines near the center, and I understand the enemy charged our work, but were handsomely repulsed. This evening also the medical slaves are packing up wagons [and] loaded teams hitched. Most of the sick sent off and everything ready to move. Every man is certain that Johnston will retreat farther. Some of the sick are making considerable noise fearing that they will be left behind if the army moves. If we can get transportation we will be sent to Marietta tonight. Dr. Brice has left me in charge of Dr. [2nd Lieutenant Joseph] Ringold [of the] 27^th reg[iment] to be sent off.

Return to Appendix

June, 1864

We left the Hospital at 12 o'clock in wagon trains and traveled a very rough road to Marietta where we found quite a number of sick and wounded to be sent south. The relief committees were here with plenty of provisions and the best attention was paid by them to the sick and wounded. After being examined, the surg[eon] in charge gave me a pass for the convalescent camp. At 2 o'clock we left on the cars and at 4 reached Atlanta where we got supper at the "Gate City" Hospital and are now lying here waiting further orders. Everything is confusion here - the people expecting every day when Johnston will fall back on the city. Left Atlanta in the morning of the 1^st instead of Marietta as stated above. Moving about as I have been for the past several days and sick besides I could not post my diary at night and have forgotten some of the dates and events. We came in open cars to Macon and are now quartered in Hospital called Blind Asylum. During the day it rained hard and there was no other alternative than to take it.

Thursday, June 2

The surg[eon] examined me last night but gave me no medicine. This morning I went down in town and found Saml.Vergus who is adm[inister] of my uncle's estate, who died here several years since. We commenced a suit against Vergus for a settlement with the heirs but the war stopped it. I was here in company with my Uncle Charles Cherry and Agnis Grant in March of '61 and employed the firm of Poe, Greer and Poe as prosecutors. I saw the elder Poe today. He says that the court will not grant a hearing until the war is over. I inquired and learned where lived a Mrs. Tutor who once lived in Tenn[essee] but came here with my Uncle Tom Cherry many years ago. Her and his people were not considered of good character in Tenn[essee] but she seems to be respected here. She is very low with consumption and will not likely recover. She has a grown daughter who is a graduate and rec[eived] me kindly. I was told by Mr. Poe to question the mother if she was acquainted with all the heirs of [Thomas] Cherry as she is thought to be a party to the suit against us. She was so sick however that I did not mention my Uncle at all. Returning to the Hospital felt much fatigued and am quite sick tonight.

Friday, June 3

A change of surg[eon] this morning in our ward. The surg[eon] made a very close examination of my lungs but did not express an opinion. He prescribed quinine and something else. The food here at the convalescent table is very bad so that I have eat but little until today when the surg[eon] placed me on the sick list and gave me something better to eat. Quite a number of men were sent off to their [commands] this morning. Some went who came with me. In my room is a man with syphilis, 2 wounded, one sick. We are very comfortably situated. More sick and wounded arrived during the evening. Nothing of interest from the front.

Saturday, June 4

I felt very unwell last night having fever and headache. The surg[eon] examined my lungs very closely yesterday but to my inquiry whether they were seriously affected he did not answer. I know one thing I am not the man I was once - only one year ago I was in much better health. I have expected that Miss Ellen Tutor would either visit the Hospital herself or send me some food. But I guess my appearance brought to memory unpleasant recollections and they were glad when I left. I am short of money except Greenbacks which is difficult to trade and I do not like to trade it anyway. I have had the most of my clothes washed. I saw today a body louse which appeared on one of the beds.

Sunday, June 5

I am taking quinine with something mixed. Today I asked the surg[eon] again whether my lungs were seriously afflicted. He would not answer me directly but I saw from his book that he was treating me for Bronchitis. I have felt much better today if I except a rising in my mouth which is painful. More men have been sent off and more sick and wounded have arrived. Our surg[eon] is a preacher and we had preaching in the dining room today. Several ladies visited us, some with provisions. No news of interest from the front.

Monday, June 6

The surg[eon] did not prescribe anything for me this morning but I am continuing the old prescription. I have felt much better and think that I will be sent off tomorrow or next day. A woman, the "keeper" of a little grocery nearby of where I have bought several drinks of whiskey, gave me butter and a very large onion. I saw an advertisement here for a clerk. If I thought I would be accepted I would apply for the position since my health is very bad. But I know there is no such good thing in store for me. I came in this army with a musket in my hands (nor had I higher aspirations) and it is my doom to serve during the war as a [peon] in the cast of danger. A good soldier is never favored while one that is of no count is living on the "fat of the land." I have a notion of going to the theater tonight if I can manage to slip off from the surg[eon].

Tuesday, June 7

I visited the theater last night under the pretense of going to see a young lady. Macbeth was played - Mr. Dalton personating Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth. There was a good crowd in attendance. The little boys were particulary annoying with hisses and applause. I returned at 12 o'clock very much fatigued. The boys told me this morning that the surg[eon] did not miss me last night. In the evening I went to see Miss Tutor and [had] taken charge of a letter to send through the lines.

Wednesday, June 8

I [was] expected to have been reported for duty this morning but the surg[eon] thought otherwise. I am expending money very fast. I started from the army with thirty doll[ars]. Since I have been here [I have] used $31.30. I now have on hand two doll[ars]. I had my watch worked on to the amount of $12.00. A good number were furloughed today, all for sixty days. I paid $3.00 per [pound] for honey.

Thursday, June 9

I am still taking medicine for bronchitis and my cough I think has improved some. The papers contain no additional news from the "front." Both armies are still maneuvering for position. The Republican convention to nominate a candidate for president [of the] U.S. was to have met at Baltimore on the 9^th inst[ant]. It matters but little to the people of the South who is the nominee. All are pledged for a vigorous prosecution of the war. Our Surg[eon] here is very particular about the boys leaving the Hospital so that I stay [pretty] close [to] my room, preferring confinement to asking his permission whenever I wish to walk only a few hundred yards. I purchased a [pound] of honey last night from a lady at $3.00 divided it with my roommates. The fare is very sad here and no effort is made to remedy it. Yesterday noon Surg[eon] Green in charge of Hospitals of this city visited and inspected the Dinner Table. A better dinner was prepared for him to look at than has been cooked before since I have been here. As soon, however, as he was gone the same scanty fare was resumed. Sick men now get corn bread instead of flour bread.

Friday, June 10

I have been within the hospital during the whole of the day. I wish to go downtown in the city and see Greer and Poe before going to the front but I think probably I will get one day's notice. Nothing stirring from the front. I expect to leave Sunday.

Saturday, June 11

I thought this morning that I would have been gone by now. But the surg[eon] has said nothing to me yet about whether I thought I could stand the experience. The fact is, I would prefer remaining here until I at least feel well for twenty-four hours. [Being] out of a house now would make my cough as bad as ever. I am told that I could be detailed as clerk in the Post Surgeons Office. But I hate to apply, for it looks like so many are after details that one would be considered as trying to play [it] out. I am tired of this war. I wish it could end yet not upon such terms as the enemy could dictate. When I reflect upon the consequences of this war and the curse of demoralization which it will leave among the people, I can but shudder. It will require all the intellect and virtue of the country to reduce them to subordination to the authority of law, to suppress crime, to command respect for civil authority, and to inspire habits of industry and domestic thrift.

Sunday, June 12

Last night after going to bed the Devil or some other evil spirit put the thought of Whisky in my head and I got up, dressed and went to a grocery close by and had taken two drinks. I made arrangements with the woman to cook me a half doz[en] eggs for breakfast and this morning as soon as I could slip away from the [doctors] I went down after them. I paid her $1.30 and she gave me a breakfast of eggs, chicken, butter, coffee and of course I drank more whisky. I got back to my room just in time to receive the surg[eon] on his rounds. At dinner, feeling pretty hungry and knowing that I would get but little to eat, I hired a Negro to cook me three eggs and bring me some bread. I am expending money very fast and the only way I have to get it is by selling my "Greenback" sent to me by mother. The morning paper contained news that Forrest had met and defeated a force of Yankees near Baldwin, Miss[issippi]. This puts an end to all speculation about his being in the rear of Sherman. More sick and wounded arrived today. Sherman has been reinforced by [the] 17^th Army Corps from [the] west and our papers are preparing the public mind for another retrograde of our army. It has been raining nearly all day. I feel sorry for the boys at the "front" who have no shelters. I have had a man here at work on my watch to the amount of $17.00 which makes in all $70.00 I have [paid] for work on that watch since I rec[eived] it from home. Only a few moments since he showed me that someone had broken the crystal I have almost got to believe that there is not an honest man in the army. If you get one to work on a watch he will steal half of its works and charge you the value of the watch. I am of the opinion that this man had taken my crystal from some other man's watch. I think I will be sent to the front or to some other hospital in the morning as there is a prospect of the arrival of more sick and wounded. N.B. I will drink no more whiskey in this place unless I think I really need it.

Monday, June 13

Last night after going to bed I was told to go to the baggage room, get my baggage and be ready to leave for Eufaula [Alabama] in the morning. I had given out a shirt have washed with which some difficulty I got back but it was wet. I roused Old Negro Jack and made him get me some rations to put in my haversack, made the man who broke my watch crystal pay me five doll[ar]s and went to bed again. This morning forgetting the resolution above I went and got a couple of drinks. Taken the cars at 8 A.M. on the South Western R[ailroad] and at 7 P.M. reached Eufaula a distance of 145 miles. On the route we passed the prison (camp Andersonville) where it is said we have 20,000 Yankee prisoners. At Smithville the cars stopped for dinner. I [paid] $2.00 and got the best dinner I have eat at a hotel for many days. The hospital we are stopping at I think is a new arrangement not well fitted up for sick. About 130 sick and wounded came down with me.

Tuesday, June 14

Eufaula, Ala[bama] is a small place situated on the banks of the Chattahoochie River about fifty miles from Columbus, G[eorgia] and not far from Florida line where it borders on the corner G[eorgia] and Ala[bama]. The Chattahoochee is the line which separates it from G[eorgia]. This river is navigable I suppose as far as Columbus. Boats pass here daily. The cars do not run near than a mile and ½ of the town the depot being on the opposite side of the river. I saw several stores and groceries representing that there was considerable trade carried on before the war. There are two or three other hospitals in the place but not many sick or wounded. This Hospital is entirely new and we have none the advantages yet that older hospitals furnish for the sick. All the inmates however are convalescent and able to wait on themselves. So far they furnish enough to eat. I bought me a doz[en] eggs and some butter which I can relish better than fat bacon. It still continues to rain and I feel sorry for the boys at the front. Not a word of news from the army. In the ward with me is one of the 46^th and one of the 1^st Tenn[essee], one wounded Alabamian and one Missippian, all convalescent. I feel very unwell tonight. Turns out that such bad weather gave me a fresh cold and made my cough worse.

Wednesday, June 15

I felt so very bad this morning that I kept to my bed. The surg[eon] came round to see me and without farther examination then to feel of my pulse prescribed nearly the same medicine that Cooper gave me at Macon. I do not think that he is half the surg[eon] which Dr. Cooper is. I did not go to the table for breakfast and consequently got none. The surg[eon] did not put me on the diet list but I managed to get my meals brought to me by one of the 1^st Tenn[essee] who is very nice to me. Ladies do not visit the Hospital here, or at least I have not seen any. Maybe when we get fixed up better they will come. I paid a negro a half doll[ar] to cook two eggs for me and he stole one of them. The boys tell me that they met with a lady on the streets from Memphis, Tenn[essee]. I told them to invite her down to see me when they met her again. How glad I am to meet with a citizen from that Old State even of I never heard of them before and yet I am sad when I think of the necessity that has forced them to become exiles from their homes. It rained again today. There is a report that Gen[eral] Polk was killed yesterday at the front but I do not credit it.

Thursday, June 16

We have no nurses and one would die for want of an alternative were he not able to nurse himself. I have commenced to bribe a Negro in the cooking dep[artment] with the hopes of getting something more to eat. Like all other fools however he thinks that a sick man needs nothing. Oh for one week of perfect freedom that I might live even that much of my former life over again. If I should ever get where I could embark for a foreign country with means sufficient to carry me hence, the temptation for an after life of peace and quiet and fun would be too strong for me. What is liberty in one's hours, dying hours, when he has lived a slave all his life. I am as staunch a patriot now as in the beginning of the war. I am not so enthusiastic for my sufferings have somewhat dampened that ardor. My hatred of the Yankees is greater for I am an eye witness to their barbarity and persecutions. There is another thing I hate and I am sorry that cause for hatred exists. I mean a despotism at home. What privilege has a man of the South [when there is] none that he can call his own. Every man is a soldier and hence the military despotism. If I am sick is not for me to say so, a "board" of surg[eons] determines that question. If they pronounce me sick I am sent to a hospital under guard, where I am liable to be reported for duty and sent back at the pleasure of those dignitaries again within twelve hours after my arrival. I go to my command under guard and am not allowed to get off the cars without being watched. But this is not half, to enumerate all would require a volume equivalent to Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. I have heard it said if you wish to whip the devil you must fight him with fire but is it right to fight against foreign despotism while domestic tyranny is fast gaining the ascendency.

If I have a doubt in the world of our ability to free ourselves from Yankee rule, it can be traced to the despotism of our own government and its officials. Show me the man that does not submit to these foolish and tyrannical laws, orders, customs, and with feelings almost as repugnant and humiliating as those that first caused a separation of these states, and I will show you one that is entirely destitute of principle and is not acquainted with the first laws of human nature. He is only fighting because he sees others at it or because he has no other means of support. It is said to be a fact that Gen[eral] Polk is dead, was killed instantly by a canon shot while riding out with Gen[eral] Johnston and others. It grieves me to have this report for he was a brave man, a good Gen[eral] and a thorough gentleman and Christian. His death will be lamented by all of his old corps for we loved him like a parent. It still continues to rain some and I fear will be the cause of much sickness in the army. Medicine was prescribed for me every four hours and I have taken three doses in thirty six. That's [doing business] on a scale.

Tuesday, June 17

Rain, Rain, Rain, who ever seen the like for this season of the year. Poor soldiers [are] those who are at the front without any shelter. I feel sorry for the boys but should be thankful that I am permitted to enjoy the privilege of a good house to shelter me although I am sick. The negro who I have attempted to bribe to feed me is very indifferent seemingly and does not bring me a lunch whenever I wish it. He is afraid I guess. It is reported that the Yankees have assaulted Petersburg V[irgini]a, capturing the outer line of entrenchments. The surg[eon] made some remark about my laying up this morning. I wish he had my feelings for a while. When told that the nurses or ward master was not giving me my medicine he only said that "then it was useless to prescribe it." I should think it his duty to see that I rec[eived] it. I have been moved out of my room into another much more cleanly and comfortable, the other boys remaining. No news from the G[eorgi]a front.

Saturday, June 18

Several ladies entered my room today, but few with something to eat. From a Negro girl that brought milk for the hospital I got as much buttermilk as I could drink. I also bought another half [pound] of butter for which I paid $1.75. I went to the Barber and had a shave. I paid my Negro two doll[ars] more, with the hope that he will do better in bringing me something to eat. I am now going to the tables after my meals when I do not get enough to eat. It still rains some little. This evening in purchasing a plug of tob[acco] from a merchant I managed to cheat him out of the value of the tob[acco]. Whether this is right or not I will not decide. I only know that a soldier has to make every edge cut or he can not live. Thus far whenever I make a dime off a citizen, a "speculator", I think I have acted in self-defense. A man can find plenty of friends when he has money and will use it frequently to their benefit. My roommates help me to eat my butter and chew my Tob[acco] with as much nonchalance as it possible for them to assume.

Sunday, June 19

My negro won't do. He has not fed me yet. He is either making an ass of me or he is afraid to accomplish what he has promised. I shall make him come right one way or the other. Today some milk and (etc.) brought to this room was eaten by us and highly relished. The surg[eon] prescribed quinine for me in consequence of slight fever at night. No quinine could be had however and a substitute was furnished which I felt disinclined to take, fearing a mistake in the druggist. Everything explained satisfactory however and I swallowed it down. In the evening a negro brought me some ripe plums and an apple which was delicious. Oh, could I be at home now to enjoy the pleasures of fruit eating as of yore, those nice streaked farm apples, how I would love to sit down in the shade and with my knife par the tender peelings. But alas those days have passed and from present prospects are not likely to return soon. Papers state that the abolition convention at Baltimore has nominated Abraham Lincoln for President and Andrew Johnson of Tenn[essee] for Vice. Hurray for Andrew. Who thought several years ago when he was [a] stump speaker in the State of Tenn[essee] against all opposition to democracy, he would now accept a nomination on the same platform with abolition. But I am not surprised. It has rained again today.

Monday, June 20

Rain again today. I don't think I ever saw such a time before for this season of the year. A lady sent one of my roommates a cup of butter of which together with some egg bread we had baked and had a nice lunch. The surg[eon] did not even visit our room this morning. I think he is very indifferent anyway and does not like to lose too much time from the card table. An old drunken soldier came in our room today and annoyed us some, but we called to the ward master and had him taken away. This evening I wrote a little note full of [irony] and without signing any name to it and sent it to a young lady. Its purport is to bring me a breakfast in the morning, but I fear it will bring upon my head the righteous indignation of the young female. I did not ask for something to eat but hinted that food would be thankfully rec[eived]. The sky threatens rain again.

Tuesday, June 21

Last night a fellow belonging to a L[ouisian]a Regiment, a roommate named Godwin, the same one that worked on my watch at Macon, and myself went out to see what we could find. After walking some time and feeling weak and to prevent my cough from annoying me I had taken a couple of drinks of whiskey and as is usually the case under such circumstances was "in for anything." Not until the chickens were crowing for the day did I come in and go to sleep. To my surprise this morning I felt no ill effects from my tramp. Never having done anything wrong in my life, but that I regretted it afterwards, this time was not an exception. Though I did nothing wrong, I can not credit myself for it. The only reason was I found nothing to do. I am too impulsive, too easily led off by others, but it is my nature and I can not prevent it. The little note I sent out last evening, insinuating the bringing in breakfast, brought in two young ladies who were desirous of knowing my real name before they placed themselves under such lasting obligations. I was not in but on learning that I was the individual describing himself, they left an invitation for me to come and dine with them. We have rain again during the evening. I had a picture taken, paying five dollars and furnishing an old case. I am desirous of sending it to Ma by first opportunity. I bought me a very uniform piece of black rope for a watch guard for which I paid 75¢. There is some change in the position of our two armies but nothing more than skirmishing is going on.

Wednesday, June 22

One day again that we are without rain and a very warm one at that. A very nice dinner was sent us today by Mrs. Hart and several ladies. Old and young visited us. Indeed at one time there were so many ladies in the room at one time and being in a state of half-undress I felt somewhat embarrassed. I rec[eived] a handful of flowers and a nice little tea-cake from the hand of smiling young lady. She was very modest in her manner of presenting them. I have complained to the surg[eon] of a certain [wicker] which I have long felt growing in the small of my back, but ashamed to confess it until it has grown to be troublesome at night. A [young "yellow hammer"] who has been home on pass came in last night bringing with him a box of provisions of which I had partaken a hearty meal. My stock of money is reduced to five doll[ars] and I don't know what I am to do when that is all gone. However, I will not be absent from my reg[iment] much longer and will not mind it.

Thursday, June 23

The sun shone beautiful but hot all day. Papers report the enemy attacked our left under Gen[eral] Hardee and was repulsed. It is plain that Hardee's corps will bear the brunt of the fight in G[eorgi]a. It is first on the right and then on the left. Wherever the enemy moves Hardee is in his front. I think I shall be sent off in a few days. An answer to the note I sent out a few days since, modestly hinting that something to eat was wanting was brought to me this morning. The breakfast came but it went to another hospital and the lady apologized for the mistake. In a note I thanked her for her generous intentions [and] hoped that she would put herself to no unnecessary, not omitting to apologize for writing her in the first place. We rec[eived] a pitcher of buttermilk from Mrs. Hart again who sends frequently to this room. I wrote another letter to my brother fearing that he might not receive the first. I wrote him again that I would pay as high as $2,000 for a man to swap with me that I might go to the cavalry, how much more if I had it I am not able to say. Some few are going off to the front.

Friday, June 24

Another beautiful sunshiny day but excessively warm. The late fight of Gen[eral] Forrest in Miss[issippi] exceeded any cavalry fight of the war. The force opposed to him were seven regiments of Inf[antry] and a Brig[ade] of cavalry with a fair proportion of artillery. He completely routed them. It is reported here that a pretty severe fight had occurred on our left at the G[eorgi]a front. Nothing indicative of a general engagement however. Our breakfast in response to my note came this morning from Mrs. D. Thornton and was something of which I am justly proud. Not since I was a paroled prisoner in K[entuck]y have I sat down to such a breakfast. Ladies continue to visit us and in numbers that are likely to astonish the natives. It is said that we are to receive 130 more sick and wounded tonight and if that is the case I expect I will have to change my berth, either for one at the front or go to another hospital. I do not like to leave my surg[eon] here yet as I think he is a clever man and one that will do his duty toward a patient.

Saturday, June 25

A large crowd of sick with a few wounded came in last night. I have seen none with whom I am acquainted however and only imagine that they are all from other hospitals. The surg[eon] reported Godwin for duty and started him off for the front but he has gone by way of Columbus G[eorgi]a and I think will then conceal himself there until the fight is over or report at another hospital. I am convinced that he is a bureaucrat and seen but little service. The fight that was reported to have recurred on our left at the G[eorig]a front was nothing more than heavy skirmishing. A Miss Browne whom I have not had the honor of seeing to become acquainted sent me a couple of Blackberry pies with her compliments. I replied in a few hastily written lines. I am expecting that the surg[eon] will report me for duty judging me by my appearance in the face as is generally the case with him. I am not yet well however and as I am gaining more flesh tone here than I have had for a long time I would prefer remaining a short time longer. I have not felt so well today as usual.

Sunday, June 26

The surg[eon] asked me this morning if I thought I would be able to return to duty soon. I told him I only waited here enough to have my clothes washed and made ready. A [miss] from Granford sent me a very nice desert for dinner, with her compliments saying that at an early day she would send me a complete dinner. I went round to the church with the ward master to hear preaching but seeing but a small audience we chose to turn our visit into a promenade. The day has been unusually warm and I fear will make me sick again when I return to the army. The nights are so warm that I strip off every thing except my shirt and sleep with window open. It seems that the surg[eon] has heard of my going out the other night with Godwin, for this reason he sent him off and I guess would do me the same way did I not anticipate him and volunteer. I can not blame him however although I am not yet well but shall always consider him a clever man.

Monday, June 27

This morning I gave out all my clothes to an old negro woman to wash for me which if I pay her 25¢ per garment considering that I expended $2.50 for a half [quill] of paper which will take about all my money. I rec[eived] a letter from Miss Ellen Tutor who thanks me very warmly for taking charge of her letter to send north. It is said here that the citizens will not worship at the same church with the soldiers and I am half inclined to believe the report, for when I went to church yesterday I saw several ladies come to the door and looking in seeing many soldiers in the church would turn and go off. Those who in the church left before preaching was concluded. Yet for all this, the ladies seem to be very attentive to the wants of the soldiers. I made an effort to draw some clothing but was told that I would have to wait until the squad, who came in some nights since, were supplied. A man who drew a pair of shoes and sold them to a negro was made to give the negro his money back and had the shoes taken from him. I wrote Miss Tutor that I would call and see her on my way to the army and she accepts my offer to correspond with her.

Tuesday, June 28

This morning I tried again to get some clothes but failing I returned to the Hospital and was told that Dr. Mereweather, presuming I had all my clothes ready, had reported me for duty. With considerable difficulty I drew me a jacket and seeing my washer-woman, I had my clothes brought in and have rations and everything ready to leave in the morning. Will go to the depot tonight as it is some distance and the cars start early in the morning. I guess Miss Tutor will be surprised to see me in advance of the time I announced I would call on her. However, I do not care much.

Wednesday, June 29

After night and after picking up a canteen that I knew belonged to another man I went to the depot. There I met with some of the R[ail]R[oad] men who evinced clearly by their manners their dislike of the proposition to spend the night under the depot shed. Not having started out with the intention of pleasing them, I spread down my blanket and went to sleep. At five o'clock the train started and at 3 P.M. reached Macon. On the road I met with Jones who was a person with me in K[entuck]y. He is ward master of [Ocklawaha] Hospital and invited me to spend the night with him. I checked my baggage at the Brown House and am now in the ward masters office at the hospital. I saw Mr. Poe this evening and he tells me that it is not necessary for him to write to my Uncle that I can give him all the information necessary. The fight which Cheatham and Cleburne had on the 27^th was a brilliant affair exceeding any of the present campaigns. It is said five thousand Yankees were slaughtered. The silence of the press and telegraph in regard to affairs near Richmond is ominous of evil.

Thursday, June 30

I went this morning to see Miss Tutor anticipating a nice time as I intended to remain on until tomorrow morning again. To my surprise I found her weeping over the death of her mother who she followed to the grave yesterday. I did not remain long with her but returned to the hospital. During the day I met Bill Fields on the street, he having left the company more than a week since sick. He says Martin Ogara* is wounded. I saw also several others from the reg[iment] but obtained no news and will remain at the Hospital tonight.

*Assumed to be Private Martin O'Gara of Company G 9^th Infantry.

Return to Appendix

July, 1864

After dark last night we went out over town finally calling in at the theater where we paid two dollars to see a few paintings and hear a few songs sung. Two hours here was spent most disagreeably then we returned to the hospital. This morning I went to the barber had my hair cut and after going back and taking breakfast with Jones I started on the cars for Atlanta falling in with Capt[ain] Head. I have spent all the money sent to me from home, selling my last ten doll[ar] bill of greenback yesterday for $35.00. Reached Atlanta at 4 o'clock P.M. Found a train ready for Marietta, but thought I would stay over the night with Capt[ain] Head who was going to stop. I found upon going to the hotel however the guards were too numerous so I had taken a seat in a crowded boxcar and came to Marietta. Found the Div[ision] Hospital close to town and L[ieutenant] Lyons* staying in it from the effects of a slight wound. I will remain with him tonight. The battle line is close to Marietta and I can see our batteries at work on top on Kennesaw Mount[ian]. The Yankees have approached in parallels to within a few yards of my Brig[ade] so that rocks, hand grenades and etc. are used. The boys are seeing a hard time.

*Assumed to be Lieutenant Samuel H. Lyons of Company H 9^th Infantry

Saturday, July 2

This morning I started to the line with Joe Davis but on reaching the wagon camp found them ready to move to the south side of the Chattahoochee. Believing the army to be falling back I came on with the majors and am now ½ mile from the R. K. Bridge six miles [from] Atlanta.

Sunday, July 3

After getting there last night and unloading the wagons I found that the boys had a couple of squashes and potatoes which we cooked with some meat I had in my haversack and made it supper. I slept with Davis and Barringer* who stretched there a blanket for a domicile. Joe tells me that Dan Young,* who was brought in from Forrest's c[ommand] and was going off to the Hospital, deserted carrying with him Bob Walker.* This is the second offense for each of them and if Johnston catches them they will be shot. The rations came early this morning and the boys soon cooked them and were ready for the wagon which had taken them off. Learning that the army was moving in this direction I did not go with them. Our div[ision] I hear is close to Vinings Station [Georgia] four miles this side of Marietta. I will go in the morning if they do not move closer.

*Assumed to be Privates R. Barringer, Daniel J. Young, and Robert W. Walker of Company G 9^th Infantry

Monday, July 4

Some cannonading and slight skirmishing on the line today. I intended going out this morning but waited for L[ieutenan]t Stanley and Stafford of the reg[iment] who came in and they are going to stay until morning again. I learn this evening that our Brig[ade] has gone to the support of Hood on the left together with Vaughan's Brig[ade]. At first I heard that we had been placed under Hood permanently, which needed only confirmation to make me resolve to leave the Army. It seems that our division is the cavalry for the army, and our Brig[ade] and Vaughan's has all the fighting to do for our Div[ision]. It is said that one Brig[ade] of Walker's Div[ision] (Jackson's)* has been sent to Savannah. I do not see what use we have for troops at that place and believe if they are going that their destination is V[irigin]a.

**General John K. Jackson

Tuesday, July 5

This morning I learned that the army had withdrawn some three or four miles to the line that was being fortified by the slaves impressed for that purpose. I started out with the wagons which were turned back last night to await further orders. Found that the Brig[ade] was moving to the left also on the present line and walked six or seven miles when I found it near the river in the woods. There is no fortification here and at this time everything was quiet. I suppose Hood is in the front; Vaughan is with us Wright and Strahl's being left behind. Gen[eral] Vaughan had his foot taken off yesterday from effects of canon shot. At the time of writing Strahl and Vaughan are moving up and the enemy are shelling heavily but not affecting our line. As usual a hundred rumors are afloat, one is that we will cross the river tonight. The enemy seems to be moving to the left but I don't think they will flank us form the rear without a fight.

Wednesday, July 6

Bob Davis has not returned from the hospital. Jim Hagg is here. Martin Ogara, Issac Stanley*, Cal Hicks are absent the two latter wounded. Bob Walker and Young deserted. Dr. Brice who from personal motives seeks to do me an injury has told the boys that I was not sick when sent off to the Hospital. I am going to write to Dr. Cooper in charge of the Hospital at Marietta for his testimony and as soon as this difficulty is over I am going to see Dr. Brice and demand his reasons for asserting such a wilful falsehood. During the six or seven days before leaving the reg[iment], on which I reported to him every day, he did not examine me, nor even to ask me what my complaint was. Vaughan and Strahl have moved to the right. The enemy are shelling some in front. All quiet elsewhere. It is yet thought we will cross the river.

*Assumed to be Private Issac Stanley of Company G 9^th Infantry

Thursday, July 7

We have remained in our position. Artillery drilling in our front and while writing considerable skirmishing is being carried on between the pickets. No sign of a move yet. I think we will hold our positions here. Raiders occupy Jackson, Miss[issippi]. They have roll call 4 times per day to keep the boys together. Such is the desire to go in to the river that roll call does not restrain them. Had inspection today. I think we will move on the line tonight. The wagons with the cooking detail have been missing again.

Friday, July 8

We remained in our position until after twelve o'clock when we moved toward the right for a short distance, but countermarched crossing the river on the pontoon bridge and after going half mile formed a line of battle and by order of Col[onel] Walkers [county] Brig[ade] cleaned off the ground thirty feet in front of the line. After resting here a while we moved up the river and formed again. I do not know what is the object of this move, for I have not heard of the enemy being on this side of the [river]. Strahl and Vaughan it is said are on the right and same side of the river. We drew beef last night and again this evening but it was so little that I eat all of my rations for supper each time. Last night near sundown in front of our line our battery turned loose on the enemy and a furious cannonading was kept up for some time and near daylight this morning the skirmishes continued firing as though the yanks were advancing. No attempt however has been made to feel our positions.

Saturday, July 9

We moved up near the river and after forming a detail was made and sent to work on an eminence near the river bank. The regiment was divided in three reliefs and I being on the 3^rd relief did not go to work until 2 in the morning and worked until daylight. We had scarcely laid down to sleep when we were ordered up and moved by the right flank across the hard mud and halted apparently waiting for orders. Here we drew rations, among the [last was] some tobacco, which was so bad that Knox, myself and another had taken it to Gen[eral] Cheatham's quarters for his inspection. He was not present but his Adjutant Gen[eral] promised to report to him. Indications are that we will move but I rather believe preparations are being made for a fight which probably will come off tomorrow or the next day.

Sunday, July 10

Soon after reaching the above, the reg[iment] commenced moving to the rear and by dark we [had] taken upon much by [heading] back in the same direction. [B. F. West]*, 2^nd L[ieutenan]t [and] acting orderly in Bob Davis'absence, turned over one of his company's guns to me. His excuse was that he had boils on his back and could not carry them. I know however that he was tired of seeing me without a gun and would ease him at my expense. After expressing an opinion about the justice of the act, I had taken his gun, etc. [I thought of arguing but] that it would not do for me to oppose. I was determined to leave his [company] as soon as possible for I see that [not] just the officers and men in the company but all complain that I will not (page faded beyond recognition). I shall leave the regiment and join the horse service, it is one of the best in the state. We marched about two miles from the river and formed a line. Our regiment sets on the [left wing]. This morning pickets were sent out in the direction of the river. There is a line of pickets in front of ours. I believe Johnston intends defending the passage of the river [against] Sherman. We have laid here all day waiting. I [prepare] for the enemy to develop himself. It threatens to rain and were are preparing our blankets to receive it. Rumors are [a float] that Kirby Smith crossed the river with reinforcements for Johnston. It is said he may soon reach us, yet I had rather have Forrest. Sherman's rear has ten thousand additional troops there. Here today, while cannons are booming [and] the sharp crack of the pickets rifles reverberated along the line, one of the Chaplin's was preaching to his flock. What a contrast. The one calling sinners to repent and other summoning the soldier to his final hour.

*Assumed to be 2^nd Lieutenant B. F. West of Company K 9^th Tennessee Infantry.

Monday, July 11

We had a heavy shower of rain last night and again this evening. Miss Agnes Clement from Weakley Co[unty] arrived here today to see her brother in the 31^st Tenn[essee] Reg[iment]. Although not acquainted I thought I was and I went to see her and learned that people of West Tenn[essee] were in good spirits yet they had not heard from us since we left Dalton. Some other ladies came with Miss C[lement] and brought clothes to some of the boys. The ladies will carry letters for us to our people. Our Brig[ade] moved at 4 o'clock by the left flank to near the river where it is understood we are to do picket. The remainder of the Div[ision] in its old position. Considerable talk of Kirby Smith's coming on over the river. Some report him already on this side the Miss[issippi].

Tuesday, July 12

Instead of picketing last night a detail of seven men was made to fortify a position for a battery. This morning we had inspection. The pickets on the river in our front have an armistice and are not firing. On other fronts of the line an occasional shot is heard. Some cannonading this morning but very slow. I commenced writing a letter to send to mother when I was furnished a pass by Capt[ain] Locke to go to the ordnance train and exchange guns. The one turned over to me by some of his sick men being worthless. I found the train six miles distant and close by the cooking detail, off whom I partaken dinner. It rained while here and made me late getting in. On my return Capt J. L. Hall* accompanied me, whom I led through the mud only to hear him complain. Northern papers state that [General Jubal A.] Early is in Maryland and threatening Washington City. A thousand rumors are afloat, all of which are favorable so that the boys appear in fine spirits.

*Assumed to be Captain Junius L. Hall of Company F 9^th Infantry

Wednesday, July 13

Last night we furnished a heavy picket, seven were from my company. I would have gone on but the detail was made before I returned. They have been very quiet today although they have orders to shoot. It is strange that sometimes you can not get the pickets to shoot at each other, when again it is impossible to keep them from firing. The Yankees say they have orders not to fire while our men have orders to fire, yet will not fire on the Yankees who were or wish to be very familiar. In the evening I visited Strahl's Brig[ade] which is now near the river also. It is said that Forrest has been forced to retire to Columbia, Miss[issippi]. I concluded my letter of nine pages to Mother. Gen[eral] Bragg is said to be with the army. If he is here I think we will fight soon. I will go on picket tonight if we do not move.

Thursday, July 14

Last night seven men from my company were taken for picket. We were posted in the line with eight men at approximate intervals of ten to twenty paces. The boys had up a truce with the Yankees which we continued, and several of them were passing over to us with coffee and pocket knifes to trade for tobacco which their army seems to be destitute of. I do not favor shooting while on picket, but under such circumstances as the present I think it is wrong for the men to communicate with each other. The authorities on our side are doing everything to prevent it, and it is positively against orders to communicate with the Yankees. Our rumors which were so (inspiring) have mainly died away. We will be relieved after dark. I wrote a few lines to Mr. Bohon and gave it to a Yankee picket who promised to mail it for me.

Friday, July 15

While being relieved from picket last night a violent wind and rain came up. I stopped at a house on my way to camp for shelter. Harv Collier who relieved me at my post was killed in a few minutes afterwards by the fall of a tree. I went back and assisted in carrying him to the camp. This morning he was taken to the div[ision] hospital for burial. This is the second man killed from my company by the fall of a tree. Miss Clements came out to the army again today and myself and others in my company were sent forth to see her as it was our last opportunity. The wife of a Captain Walker was with her. I gave Miss Clements a letter and my picture for mother. A terrible noise is being made about the pickets communicating and General Cheatham is trying to find out the parties on our side. I do not want to see any more young lady acquaintances from West Tenn[essee]. It unmans me and makes me want to go home worse it seems than I ever did.

Saturday, July 16

Last night expecting rain I went to a [gin] house close by and slept on the cotton. The picket firing heavier today than usual. Shelling is also going on briskly. I shall go on picket tonight. This evening the Yankees notified our pickets that they would shell us at six o'clock. The shells never reached our camps.

Sunday, July 17

Last night tools were brought and in obedience to we fortified our picket post making them stronger. This evening the Yankees withdrew their picket line from the bank of the river. We expected a shelling and prepared for it but were deceived. They had another line of pickets in view. Some speculation as to their object. George Milner and Ramsey Knox have gone to Atlanta to see the ladies from West Tenn[essee] before they take the train for home. George went on a borrowed pass being excused by the captain. Knox went on a pass of his own from army head quarters. The brigade had orders to be ready to move when notified.

Monday, July 18

The enemy continued to shell from opposite our batteries at intervals until midnight. The shells passed to our right. Today we were completely dumbfounded at the announcement that Gen[eral] Johnston had been removed, and superseded by L[ieutenant] Gen[eral] Hood. General dissatisfaction exists and I doubt whether it is possible to find another man in whom the army would place such implied confidence as Gen[eral] Johnston. Whether fighting or retreating the men were satisfied that their Gen[eral] knew best and wherever he led they were willing to follow. It will no longer be the case with the Army of Tenn[essee]. Hood's fighting quality, as demonstrated by his total disregard of human sacrifice, does by no means suit the men. If the change could have been made at another time when the crisis was not so near at hand, a better opportunity for winning the confidence of the soldiers would have been offered. But he takes command on the eve of a battle with a force numerically inferior to the enemy and dispirited from the removal of a General whom they had learned to admire for his superior skill and sagacity and who shared their utmost confidences. Whatever Johnston has done to deserve such treatment by the Dep[artment] is left a secret. He alludes to nothing that would enlighten us in his farewell address. We feel (and it is the common feeling of the army that he has been the object of gross injustices) that Gen[eral] Bragg and Pres[ident] Davis are alone responsible for the evil which is likely to result. The enemy has succeeded in crossing nearly his whole force six miles above and our army has moved to confront him. All our Div[ision] has gone except ours and one other Brig[ade]. A battle is expected tomorrow or next day. Gen[eral] Hood will probably teach the army other tactics than fortifying. I wrote another letter to send Wednesday by a courier for the Div[ision].

Tuesday, July 19

We were not relieved last night as anticipated. All the other brigades were relieved. The Yankee raiders have succeeded in reaching the Georgia and the Montgomery and [Nashville] railroads doing some damage. In the evening cavalry came to relieve us. Fighting this evening on a part of the line. We will move out on our positions tonight and tomorrow the fight will open.

Wednesday, July 20

We moved last night reaching a position on the line at midnight. Here we remained in reserve until [11] o'clock when we moved to the right and short distance and advanced in two lines, Vaughan and Wright in front. The boys at first did not like the idea of going outside the breastworks, but few failed to go. Vaughan and Wright soon came up with the enemy posted behind breastworks. Getting within fifty or a hundred y[ards] and behind the crest of the hill the men remained here awaiting orders to storm the works which were very strong. At night we withdrew the lines and went back again to our position behind the works. We have attacked their line in several places today and captured a good many prisoners. Maj[or] Rogers* is wounded. Vaughan and Wright lost heavily.

*Assumed to be Major H.A. Rogers of Company I 9^th Infantry

Thursday, July 21

Late in the night we returned to a position on the line of works. After sleeping one hour and half we moved to the right again. The boys are much fatigued and many straggled. I fell out together with Travis and Scott* and tried to sleep some but shot and shell from the enemy guns rendered our positions so uncomfortable that we did but little sleeping. The command passed through Atlanta and we followed on foot at our pleasure. At night we came up in rear of the Div[ision] as it was on the line east of the city but the sky's threatened rain. We went to an old foundry close by where we will sleep until morning. The yanks are shelling the city with their small guns and which the few citizens left behind are woefully scared.

*Assumed to be Sergeant W.L. Scott of Company G 9^th Infantry

Friday, July 22

This morning we found that the Div[ision] had moved still farther to the right and we followed on. I never saw as much straggling from our Corps since we have been moving. I came up with Milner, (Collier) and Joe Dew. The latter out walked us. About noon cannonading commenced and I soon learned from the number of wounded and prisoners going to the rear that the corps was engaged. I pushed on but did not succeed in reaching the field until night. Gen[eral] Hardee attacked the enemy's flank and rear and captured quite a number of prisoners, 20 pieces artillery and quite a number of colors. Our loss must be heavy. Haliburton*, in my company, was killed and one man slightly wounded. I met with Knox whom I found on the road. Our men are scattered in every direction. I will sleep in the hospital.

*Assumed to be W.A. Haliburton of Company A 9^th Infantry

Saturday, July 23

This morning I found the Brig[ade] in line some distance from the [city] and fortifying. After building our works I was sent on picket and I can see the yanks and get good shots at them. It is reported Cheatham with Hood's old corps is moving on the enemy's right. Maj[or] Gen[eral] Walker was killed yesterday.

Sunday, July 24

I shot as much as I wished but could not tell to what effect. The loss in our reg[iment] from the fight of 21^st was sixty killed and wounded. Half the men killed were commissioned officers. Capt[ain] Hall once com[manding] our company was killed. Our corps was engaged with [General J. B.] McPherson and [General F. P.] Blair's corps besides another which I do not remember. The contest was almost hand to hand. In some instances our men would only be separated from the Yankees by the embankment. McPherson was reported by persons killed. A large number of prisoners were captured. I am satisfied that not more than our Corps engaged. A fight was not expected and the men broke down from loss of sleep and hard work straggled. I was relieved and got up in time to move a short distance to the left with the Brig[ade] where we were to build more works.

Monday, July 25

We remained off the line until dark when we moved up and fortified during the night. During the day, in company with Knox and Collier, I went some two miles to the rear and got a mess of potatoes, cabbage, squashes that we cooked in coffeepots and frying pans. Gen[eral] Hood had issued a congratulatory order to our corps. It is reported that Gen[eral] Lee from Dep[artmen]t mes[sengers] is coming with reinforcements. Since Walker has been killed, his div[ision] is broken up. One Brig[ade] comes to our Div[ision]. Gist's and the other goes to Cleburne and Bate. It is the opinion that we will move out of our works on the Yankees again.

Tuesday, July 26

Cheatham's whole div[ision] gave to the indigent families of Atlanta our days rations in consequence of which we own no rations last night. The reach of the fight is not yet known by the soldiers. Twenty two guns were captured. Our loss was heavy. Everything very quiet on the line. In passing to the picket line, I came very near being struck by a chance shot passing near my head. We have to move a little to the left for Gist's Brig[ade] to come in. They are fortifying for us.

Wednesday, July 27

This morning we were waked by one of our batteries which opened on the enemy works. No reply. A slight shower in the [forenoon]. Then came intelligence that the enemy had withdrawn from our front. We were soon scattered over the ground looking at their works and the effects of the battle. They had buried our dead in some rifle trenches which they landed. Several bodies were recognized and re-buried by their friends. We then moved to a position on the line in front of the city. Gen[eral] Strahl's Brig[ade] to picket here and act as a corps of observation. We have good breastworks here but exposed to crossfire from the artillery in which the Yankees have the advantage. Issac Stanley and Martin Ogara have come in from the hospital. Thought the latter had deserted. Bob Davis I understand came as near as the Div[ision] H[eadquarters] but is not well and will go south again.

Thursday, July 28

I was put on picket last night. The line is about four hundred y[ards] in front of the works and our position exposed. During the night and all of today the yanks have kept up a warm fire on us which we returned. The picket line was charged in our right and left and demonstration was made in our front but the enemy did not come more than 200 y[ards] when we poured in too hot a fire for them. We were reinforced by a company from the reg[iment]. I shot over a 100 rounds of cartridges. In the evening I choked my gun but had taken Milner's who was sick. I soon choked his and [had] taken one from a little boy of the reg[iment] who I sent back to the line. Heavy fighting on our left.

Friday, July 29

I was relieved last night and returned to the line and slept in the ditch. We have the strongest works I have seen, yet our position is much exposed. The pickets have kept up a continual fire and have sent to the line several times after cartridges. We can get no particulars of yesterdays fight. I learn that the enemy first charged our works and we responded then and charged theirs but could not hold but a small part of their line was taken. Our loss was heavy. The plan Gen[eral] Hood has adopted of charging breastworks against superior numbers will soon leave him without an army if continued as heretofore. It is really disagreeable here for we can not go anywhere outside the trenches for we are exposed to shells and minnies. I think we will leave soon however. Eight men from our company for picket.

Saturday, July 30

Nothing of interest transpired today. Raiders have captured some of our wagons and succeeded in cutting the Macon and W[estern] Roads. It has no bridges and the damages can soon be repaired. I am detailed to picket tonight. I wrote by the flag mast to K[entuck]y.

Saturday, July 31

I was posted last night on picket. We have not shot so much during the day but been more exposed than usual. It looks foolish to see men shooting when they can see nothing to shoot at, but it is necessary to keep the enemy from crawling up. Besides, guess work is as good as any when it hits right. Vaughan had one man killed and two wounded on our left. It has rained and being unwell I spent the day very uncomfortable.

Return to Appendix

August, 1864

I came in last night before being relieved having permission from the officer of the Guard. The Brig[ade] was ready to move. I lay down and went to sleep and did not awake until daylight this morning. Vaughan's Brig[ade] moved back to the second line trenches. We remained in our position. Militia relieved Vaughan.

End of Diary