GRADE: Eighth

CONTENT STANDARD: Physical Science

CONTENT TOPIC: Matter

CONCEPT: All matter has a definite structure which determines physical and chemical properties.

CONTENT OBJECTIVE: 8A1.00 To understand the chemical and physical properties of matter

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: The learner will:

1.01 define property.
1.02 define physical property and list examples.
1.03 define physical change and list examples.
1.04 define chemical property and list examples.
1.05 define chemical change and list examples.
1.06 distinguish between chemical and physical changes in a list.

I. Definition of Property
II. Physical Properties
A. Definition
B. Examples
III. Physical Changes
A. Definition
B. Examples
IV. chemical Properties
A. Definition
B. Examples
V. Chemical Changes
A. Definition
B. Examples
VI. Identification of type of property

TN COMPONENT OF SCIENCE: Process Of Science

TN GOAL:

To enable students to demonstrate the process of science by posing questions and investigating phenomena through language, methods and instruments of science

1.4 ANALYZING - Data should be examined to find patterns and relationships that may suggest cause and effect or support inferences and hypotheses.

1.4a Data should be examined to find patterns and relationships.

BENCHMARK: Information is organized into simple tables and graphs to identify relationships.

1.4c Scientific investigation may not produce concrete solutions.

BENCHMARK: There may be more than one good way to interpret a given set of findings.

TIME REQUIRED:

one hour

Salt, piece of zinc, hydrochloric acid, Mg ribbon, nail, bottle of coke, candle, matches, heat source

Chemical change, chemical property, property, physical change, physical property

Matter is generally described by giving its physical and chemical properties. Today we will discuss what these properties are and learn some common examples.

A property is a set of identifying characteristics about a substance. Physical properties are easy to identify because they involve your senses of sight, touch, taste, smell and hear. Common examples of physical properties include the color, size and texture of an object. The characteristics, however, are not enough to identify a material. Additional ones such as density, and freezing point are needed.

Any slight change in these physical properties brings about physical changes such as when ice melts. The substance changes size, shape or state, but does not change into a new substance with new properties. One of the most common examples of a physical change is the melting of ice. Ice is solid H₂0; when it melts, it becomes liquid H₂0.

Chemical properties are those properties a substance possesses because of its action or lack of action with other substances. Reaction with an acid, or reaction with oxygen (combustion) are just a couple of examples of chemical properties.

Studying chemical properties is usually done when chemical changes are observed. A chemical change is a change in which one or more new substances with new properties is formed. When paper is burned, the ashes formed are entirely different from the original paper that was burned.

Chemical and physical properties and changes are characteristic of every substance. See if you can identify the following as physical or chemical by creating a chart and marking each example under the proper category:

1. tearing a piece of paper (Physical)
2. burning wood (Chemical)
3. a candle 5 inches long (Physical)
4. boiling water (Physical)
5. adding hydrochloric acid to zinc (Chemical)

(In order to do some of the following, you may have to get chemicals from the high school chemistry department.)

1. Dissolve a small amount of salt in water. Is this a chemical change or a physical change? (Physical) Allow the solution to evaporate. Is this a chemical or physical change? (physical)

2. Add a small piece of zinc to 5 ml of hydrochloric acid. Is the reaction a chemical or physical change? (Chemical)

3. Burn a small piece of Mg ribbon by holding it with tongs in a flame until it catches fire. Do not observe directly. Is the change a chemical or physical one? (Chemical)

4. Put a small nail into a bottle of Coke and leave it for one week. Is the change a chemical or physical one? (Chemical)

5. Light a candle and allow it to burn five minutes. Extinguish. Is the change in the candle physical or chemical? (Physical)

We have discussed chemical and physical properties and changes. Turn to your neighbor and describe one physical and one chemical property of a substance. Then have your neighbor explain to you the difference between a physical and chemical change.

chemical change - a change in which a new substance with new properties is formed

chemical property - a property that describes how a substance interacts or fails to interact with another

physical change - a change in size, shape, or state that does not result in the formation of a new substance

physical property - a property that relates to an object's size, shape, or state. These are determined by the senses.

property - a set of characteristics that may help to identify the substance

This is the time this file has been accessed since 04/04/98.

The University of Tennessee at Martin is not responsible for the information or views expressed here.

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