GRADE: Fourth

CONTENT STANDARD: Life Science

CONTENT TOPIC: Anatomy

CONCEPT: Proper growth and development is dependent on many factors working together. (Personal Health)

CONTENT OBJECTIVE: 4G3.00 To understand the roles of exercise, sleep, cleanliness, and diet for proper growth and development

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: The learner will:

3.01 identify the five nutrients and water that are needed for good health.
3.02 identify foods that contain protein and ways protein is used by the body.
3.03 identify foods that contain carbohydrates and ways carbohydrates are used by the body.
1.04 identify foods that contain fats and ways fats are used by the body.
1.05 discuss two minerals needed for good health.
1.06 list vitamins and identify foods that contain them.
1.07 discuss the need for water and how it is important to the body.
1.08 select a lunch with servings from each of the four food groups that contain nutrients.
1.09 list some mental exercises and select one to do at least three times a week.
1.10 list at least six reasons physical exercises are important.
1.11 identify exercises for different body areas.
1.12 identify why sleep is important for good health.
1.13 identify why cleanliness is important for good health.

I. Five nutrients and water
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
E. Minerals
F. Water
II. Four Basic Food groups and number of servings
A. Milk
B. Meat
C. Fruit - Vegetables
D. Grain
III. Exercise
IV. Sleep
V. Cleanliness

TN COMPONENT OF SCIENCE: Process of Science

TN GOAL:

To enable students to demonstrate the processes of science by posing questions and investigating phenomena through language, methods and instruments of science.

1.4 ANALYZING - Data should be examined to find patterns and relationships that may suggest cause and effect or support inferences and hypotheses.

1.4a - Data should be examined to find patterns and relationships.

BENCHMARK: Information is organized in ways that show possible relationships, similarities, or differences; examples: graphs, charts, tables, etc. Data extremes (highest/lowest values) may be more revealing than means or averages.

TIME REQUIRED:

Five to six instructional periods

Assorted soaps, toothpaste, tooth brushes, shampoo, magazines with pictures of food, construction paper, glue, scissors, charts of four basic food groups, pencil, paper, pictures of exercise equipment, people exercising, healthy and unhealthy people

SET:

Raise your hand if you ate breakfast this morning. Raise your hand if you think you ate a breakfast that provides everything your body needs until lunch time. How do you KNOW if you're getting everything your body needs from the foods you eat? Discuss. Choose 2 students as examples. Discuss whether their breakfast provided all they needed. Today, we are going to begin to discover what our bodies need healthy and what foods we need to eat to supply all our body's needs.

(Emphasize that everything a person does requires energy and that the energy must come from the foods we eat. Write the term "nutrients" on the board and pronounce it for the students. Explain that nutrients are the parts of the food that provide energy and help the body grow.) (Write under "nutrients": water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. (Ask:) "What do we needstay alive?" (We all need healthful foods.) Have students list water and what It does for the body. Water moves nutrients through the body. Water helps keep the body temperature normal. Water carries waste material out of your body. Every cell in your body needs water.

Proteins are nutrients your body needs for growth and repair of your body cells. Carbohydrates are your body's main source of energy. Fats are the most concentrated form of energy and are used to transport and store some vitamins. Vitamins are nutrients that help your body use protein, fat, and carbohydrates. They help form bone and body tissues. Minerals are important for strengthening your bones and making your teeth strong. Two very important minerals are calcium and iron. Have students list three foods for each of the nutrients. Let them search through magazines to find pictures of the foods they listed. Have them make a poster with their pictures by pasting them under the appropriate heading of carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals or vitamins.

Have you ever heard anyone say, "You are what you eat?" (response) What do you think this means?(response) The food we eat each day is our diet. A balanced diet will supply your body with the materials it needs for good health. One way to have a balanced diet everyday would be to eat something from each of the four basic food groups or a combination of these four. These groups are fruit and vegetables, milk, meat, and grain. Have students examine the school lunch menu to find how many of the food groups are represented.

Foods in the milk group contain these important nutrients: calcium, vitamin B2, and protein. Foods in this group include milk, yogurt, pudding, cheese, and ice cream. For a balanced diet, you should have three servings from the milk group each day.

Foods in the meat group contain protein, niacin, iron, and vitamin B1. Foods in this group include cooked lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and peanut butter. You need two servings from this group each day.

Foods in the fruit-vegetable group contain vitamin A and C. All fruits and vegetables are in this group. You need four servings of this group each day.

Foods in the grain group contain carbohydrates, vitamin B1, iron, and niacin. This group includes bread, cereal, pasta, and rice. You need four servings each day.

Have students draw posters of their favorite meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) selected from the four basic food groups.

Work in groups and plan a finger-food meal using the four basic food groups. Make these foods on the last day of studying nutrition. Let students sample the foods. They might want to invite their parents to come.

Work in groups to plan a menu for one week. Give them a budget to work within. These need to be planned using the daily requirements of the four basic food groups.

Invite a dietitian to come and speak to the class.

(Work in Pairs)

(Ask students if they believe it is good to eat only the foods they like. Ask them to hypothesize whether a single food can provide all the body needs for good health.)

List on paper the six nutrients and one food that is rich in each nutrient.

(The following activities are suggested:

1. Make a one-day chart of foods eaten to see if all nutrients in the four basic food groups are being consumed.

2. Work in pairs to make posters showing foods rich in the six nutrients our body needs.

3. Have the students work in small groups to list the various activities they engage in during a typical day. Discuss whether they need to eat more high-energy foods or more low-energy foods.

4. Have the students make a bulletin board display of foods that contain different nutrients. Pictures may be cut out of magazines or drawn.

5. Have students work in groups to research on vitamins and how each is important and in what foods they are found.)

Since it is through the digestive system that the body converts foods to usable materials, the importance of a healthy digestive system is apparent. Students may research in the library or interview a physician about possible digestive disorders, causes, prevention and treatments.

This Classroom Connector addresses Instructional Objectives 1.09, 1.10, 1.11, and 1.12.

SET:

We have discussed foods that we need to eat to be healthy. Supposing that we eat only foods that are good for our bodies, we still haven't done all we need to promote a healthy body. What other need is being fulfilled by people on a walking track? (Yes, exercise). Mental and physical exercise balanced with sufficient rest are also important.

You should exercise every day for at least 15 minutes. Begin any exercise program slowly so that your muscles will not be overtaxed and become sore. Then as your body becomes used to the activity, you can increase time and/or speed. You can exercise by yourself by walking or jogging. You can exercise by playing games like volleyball or racing with friends. Be sure to vary your exercise program so that all of your body is exercised, not just one or two areas.

Getting plenty of sleep is as important as getting enough exercise. People need varying amounts of sleep. Some may need eight to ten hours each night. Babies may need as much as twenty hour a day. As people get older, they may need as little as six hours of sleep. Remember, you need not be asleep to rest. Simply sitting still or perhaps taking a nap during the day allows your body to rest. When you rest your body doesn't need to work as hard. Your breathing slows and your heart beats slower. During sleep, your body has the chance to repair itself. Sleep also allows your MIND a chance to rest. Don't forget to exercise your mind. There are many mind boggle and quiz games to help keep your mind as agile as your body.

With a partner, either choose pictures from the collection or draw your own to make a well-rounded day of exercise (physical and mental) and rest. A circle format would be very practical or whatever arrangement the partners deem appropriate.

Call on individual students to list six reasons for exercising. Each student should draw, on paper, your favorite two physical exercises, name or draw your favorite mental game/exercise and list two reasons your body needs sleep.

This Classroom Connector addresses Instructional Objective 1.13.

SET:

Display a side-by-side cartoon of a neat, clean student and a dirty, unkempt student. Ask students which one they would prefer to sit next to and why? (responses) We have found that proper foods, mental and physical exercise, and sufficient sleep are important to good health. Cleanliness is another factor of good health that we will discuss today. We will find out what being clean requires of us.

Put "habits" on the board. To be healthy you need to practice good cleanliness habits. This includes bathing and shampooing regularly. Being clean helps keep germs away. Germs can make people sick. Washing your hands before you eat helps keep germs from getting in you food. Do you remember to wash your hands before you eat? Do you take a bath or shower everyday? Remember that part of keeping clean is brushing and flossing your teeth. If possible, brush your teeth after every meal and at bedtime. This helps remove bits from spaces between the teeth. It also removes plaque that can cause decay. Teeth should be flossed once a day.

In groups of four, discuss the array of bath products, toothpaste, tooth brushes, and shampoos and their merits and drawbacks.

List five reasons to maintain personal cleanliness.

Critique body hygiene products for ability to deliver on claims.

This is the time this file has been accessed since 07/01/97.

The University of Tennessee at Martin is not responsible for the information or views expressed here.

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