GRADE: Second

CONTENT STANDARD: Physical Science

CONTENT TOPIC: Electricity/Magnetism

CONCEPT: Electricity is useful but dangerous.

CONTENT OBJECTIVE: 2B1.00 To understand types of electricity, uses, sources and safety rules when using electricity

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: The learner will:

1.01 define static electricity.
1.02 explain how static electricity is produced.
1.03 show examples of static electricity.
1.04 relate experiences with static electricity.
1.05 define current electricity.
1.06 relate some common uses of current electricity.
1.07 observe and compare sources of electricity - dry cell or electrical cord.
1.08 define a circuit.
1.09 explain the purpose of a switch with relationship to a circuit.
1.10 list the safety rules for using electricity.
1.11 generalize the reason for each of the safety rules.
1.12 relate some uses of electricity.

I. Define static electricity
II. Production of static electricity
III. Examples of static electricity
IV. Experiences with static electricity
V. Define current electricity
VI. Common uses of current electricity
VII. Observe and compare sources of electricity
VIII. Define a circuit
IX. Explain the relationship of a switch to a circuit
X. Safety rules for electricity
XI. Reasons for rules
XII. Uses of electricity produced by static, dry cells, and electrical current

TN COMPONENT OF SCIENCE: Process Of Science

TN GOAL:

To enable students to demonstrate the process of science by posing questions and investigating phenomena through language, methods and instruments of science

1.1 OBSERVING - The senses are used to develop an awareness of an event or object and the properties thereof.

1.1a Observing is a process used to develop an awareness of the surrounding environment.

BENCHMARK: Students can learn about things around them by careful observation.

1.1b The human senses and technological instruments are used to gather information from the environment.

BENCHMARK: Students experience and learn about the world through their senses.

This classroom connector addresses Instructional Objectives 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, and 1.04.

TIME REQUIRED:

30-40 minutes

Balloon for each class member, ties, combs, assortment of objects

Sometimes when you put your clothes on, they cling to you or when you walk across the carpet and then touch another object, you feel a shock. Raise your hand if either of these have happened to you. This is static electricity. Today, we will learn about static electricity.

Matter is made of electric charges. These charges can be rubbed off objects. When the object gains or loses charges, static electricity is produced. You make electricity every time you run a comb through your hair. When the comb comes in contact with the hair, friction (the rubbing of one body against another) causes electrons to jump. The electrons jump from your hair to the comb. The electricity that is made by running a comb through the hair is not strong enough to run even the smallest machine. Static electricity is not strong enough to run a machine. It jumps in many different directions. It does not last very long and is not very useful.

I have given each of you a balloon. I want you to blow the balloon up. Please work in pairs so you can help each other tie the end of the balloon. By working together you can insure that the air will not escape. Pickup the balloon on your desk. Now, blow the balloon full of air and see what happens. Now, I want you to rub the balloon on your hair briskly or rub the balloon briskly on the carpet. Put the balloon back on your desk and see if you can blow it off. What has happened to the balloon? (response)

Here is a comb and some pieces of paper. Before you comb your hair with the comb, see if the comb will pick up one of the pieces of paper. (No) Now run the comb through your hair and try to pick up the paper. What happened? (response) When did the comb become charged? (response) What caused the comb to be able to pick up the paper? (response) After rubbing the balloon on your hair, make your neighbor's hair stand straight up by holding the balloon just over the neighbor's head. Is that static electricity or is that current electricity that makes your neighbor's hair stand straight up? (Static)

Lightning is also caused by static electricity. There is a flash of light when electrical charges move from cloud to cloud or cloud to earth.

Tell your neighbor what made your neighbor's hair stand straight up. (Static electricity) What produced the static electricity? (Friction)

Let children experiment with their balloons to see which objects will cling and which objects will not. Give them an assortment of objects, paper clips, pennies, button, scraps of paper, or puffed cereal. Have them make predictions and record results.

This classroom connector addresses Instructional Objectives 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, and 1.09.

TIME REQUIRED:

40 minutes

Lamp with bulb and cord, D-cell batteries, bell wire, and flashlight bulbs

In our last lesson, we learned about static electricity. Today, we will learn about another kind of electricity - current electricity.

Boys and girls, let's stand and form a circle. Hold hands with the person on each side of you. The circle that you have made is an example of a circuit and current electricity. If one of you drops your hand, the circuit will be broken. There will no longer be current electricity. Drop hands and return to your seats.

Current electricity is the flow of electrons along wires from a power source to where it is needed and back to the source.

Electric current moves along a path called a circuit. The circuit must always be complete, because if it is broken, the electrons cannot move.

Students, identify objects that run on batteries. For example, flashlights, radios, remote control cars, etc.

We are now going to use a battery to make a bulb light up. (Divide the class into small groups. Give each group a D-size battery, 30 cm wire, and a flashlight bulb. Stress that students will not get shocked from the battery. A dry cell is safe to use.)

Students, connect the wire to the battery and bulb so that the bulb lights. (Hold or tape bare wire to the bottom of the battery while wrapping wire around base of bulb. Make sure students understand that the path must be complete for the bulb to light.)

Draw a diagram of how you made your bulb light up.

This classroom connector addresses Instructional Objectives 1.10 and 1.11.

SET:

Boys and girls, all of us have things in our homes that are run on electricity. These appliances are very helpful to us and need to be treated carefully. Tell me one electrical appliance that you used this morning to get ready for school. (response) Were you very careful with these things? (response) I hope you were. Today we are going to talk about why we should handle them with care.

Let's talk about some easy rules to follow that will help us be safe with these electrical appliances. What should you do when you are finished using a small appliance like a curling iron or hair dryer? (response) Yes, you should unplug it. If you've been brushing your teeth or washing your hands, what should you always do before you plug in an appliance? (response) You should always dry your hands. Maybe you are in a hurry and think, "I think I'll dry my hair while I'm in the tub." Is this a good idea? (No) NO! Never touch any electrical appliance while in the tub or shower. You could get electrocuted. If you see some bare wires or wires that aren't covered you should not touch them. Never stick anything into a socket except an appropriate plug. You will get hurt.

Electricity is a wonderful, useful thing. But we must be careful with it or we can be hurt very badly or even killed.

Now I would like for you to think about what we've talked about and then we can make a list of safety rules to put on our bulletin board.

Electricity Safety Rules (suggested):
1. Unplug using plug, not cord.
2. Never stick fingers or objects into outlets.
3. Never fly kite near electric wires.
4. Do not put wires under rugs or through doorways.
5. Stay away from fallen electric wires.
6. Don't stand under trees during electric storms.
7. Never plug too many things into one outlet.
8. Tell an adult if you see bare wires.

Please remember, electricity is a good thing when simple safety rules are followed. Tell your neighbor one safety rule for use with electricity. (pause, then summarize)

Make a list of Safety Rules that you and your family observe in your home.

(Have children pick one safety rule and draw a picture to depict that rule.

(Write Safety Rules on tag board. Cut each rule apart word by word. Have students put words in the correct sequence to make the Safety Rule.)

This classroom connector addresses Instructional Objectives 1.12.

SET:

In previous lessons, we have learned about different types of electricity. Today, we are going to list some uses of electricity. Look around the classroom. Point to an object that uses electricity.

Divide the chalkboard into three categories and label them static electricity, dry cell, and current electricity. Have children (with teacher) brainstorm uses for each category.

Suggestions

1. Static - Saran Wrap, photostatic copiers, electrostatic precipitator (removes pollutants from smoke released by power plants).

2. Dry cell - flashlight, radio, tape player, remote control toys, clocks, anything that runs on batteries.

3. Current electricity - Nintendo, television, VCR, lamps, clocks, anything that plugs into an outlet.

Divide students into groups. Have each group cut out pictures from magazines to make a collage showing electricity in use. When all groups are finished, have each group show and discuss their collage with the class.

Today we have talked about three uses of electricity. Tell your neighbor what they are. (response) (Teacher names an object from each category and the class tells which type of electricity is required.)

Divide a piece of paper into three parts. Label each section. In each section, draw one picture of an object using that type of electricity.

This is the time this file has been accessed since 04/20/97.

The University of Tennessee at Martin is not responsible for the information or views expressed here.

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