CONCEPT: Sound is produced by vibrations and is transmitted through matter in all directions.
CONTENT OBJECTIVE: 2C1.00 To understand how sound is produced and transmitted
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: The learner will:
1.01 discover how sounds are produced.
1.02 discover how sounds travel.
OUTLINE OF CONTENT:
I. Sound is produced by vibration
II. Sounds move through objects
TN COMPONENT OF SCIENCE: Habits of Mind
TN GOAL:
To enable students to demonstrate ways of thinking and acting inherent on the practice of science; and to exhibit an awareness of the historical and cultural contributions to the enterprise of science.
TN THEME:
3.2 ASSUMPTIONS - The recognition and the criticism of the validity of an argument through presentation of data and differentiation between fact and assumption in the preparation of an explanation for a natural phenomenon are vital parts of the scientific process.
TN STANDARD(S): The learner will understand that:
3.2a Science is based upon suppositions derived from observations of natural phenomena.
BENCHMARK: Careful observation can yield scientific knowledge.
3.2d The validity of an investigation cannot be accepted unless the complete investigation can be independently duplicated.
BENCHMARK: If variables remain constant an investigation can be repeated with expectations of predictable results.
CLASSROOM CONNECTORS
TIME REQUIRED:
One instructional period
MATERIALS:
Tuning fork, variety of objects, bowl of water, paper cups, string.
SET:
(Have children shut their eyes for a minute and listen for sounds). Open your eyes. Raise your hand if you heard a sound. (Share responses and list on the chalk board.) Today, you will learn how sounds are made and travel to our ears.
INSTRUCTION:
When something moves back and forth very fast, a sound is created. These back and forth movements are called vibrations. Sounds travel through all states of matter. Sound moves through some things better than others. If you throw a rock into a pool of water, waves spread out in every direction through the water. Sound waves are like the water waves, but sound waves are invisible. Sound waves are strongest close to the source of the sound. If you are close to a bell, you hear it ring loudly. As sound waves move away from the bell, they get weaker. If you move away from the bell it is harder to hear the sound.
SUPERVISED PRACTICE:
Use a tuning fork to show that vibrations make sound. Have a variety of objects to experiment with: block of wood; book; desk top; floor; etc. Let groups of students take turns striking objects with tuning fork and then holding the turning fork close to their ear. Next, have them hold it against their skin. (Observe: the tuning fork is moving back and forth and sound is produced.)
Making sounds: Put your hand loosely on your throat. Hum softly, "Row, row, row your boat - - ." What do you feel? What part is vibrating? (Responses) Hum again loudly. How does it feel different? (responses)
CLOSURE:
Sounds are created by vibrations. Vibrations are the sources of sounds. (Write this sentence on the board: Sound travels in ________ through the air.) Tell your neighbor what we have observed about sound today.
(Have children predict what will happen if you strike a tuning fork, then touch it to a bowl of water. Try it! {The water will splash.})
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE/ENRICHMENT OPTIONS:
(1. Make telephones out of paper cups. Punch holes into the bottom of the paper cups. Pull 20 feet of string through the holes. Tie knots at the ends of the string which are inside of the cup. Pull the string tight. One child talks while the other child listens.
2. Write an original "Listen and Write" story using sounds you have heard. Gather objects that make sounds. For example, stomp feet for horses. Read your story to the class. Could be used for a group project.
3. Make a variety of simple musical instruments.)
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time this file has been accessed since 04/20/97.
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