GRADE: Second

CONTENT STANDARD: Life Science

CONTENT TOPIC: Anatomy

CONCEPT: Living things experience diverse life cycles.

CONTENT OBJECTIVE: 2G1.00 To understand the meanings of the terms growth, development, and life cycle

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: The learner will:

1.01 explain the meaning of growth, development, and life cycle.
1.02 describe how plants grow and develop.
1.03 observe an animal to show how it grows, changes, and reproduces throughout its life.

I. We change and grow
II. Plants change and grow
A. Parts of a plant
B. Parts of a plant we eat
III. Animals change and grow
A. Grows
B. Changes
C. Reproduces

TN GOAL:

To enable students to acquire scientific knowledge by applying concepts, theories, principles and laws from life/environmental, physical, and earth/space science.

2.3 ORGANIZATION - Everything is organized as related systems within systems.

2.3a Natural phenomena display a wide variety of similarities and differences.

BENCHMARK: Offspring may resemble their parents, but individuals within a general population may vary.

MATERIALS:

Children's baby pictures, glue, branches with buds, vase, water, drawing paper, crayons, hand lens, plant, cardboard, glass jar, Vaseline, food coloring, celery stem (or flower), jar, clear cup, caterpillar, paper lid with small holes, green leaves, tape, paper towel, cup (clear plastic), bean seeds.

Today we want to talk about how plants and animals change. Do you think you have changed since you were a baby? (response)

(Children should be told to bring baby pictures in advance, so that you have time to prepare them for this lesson.) I have asked all of you to bring a baby picture of yourself. These are glued onto pieces of construction paper with your name on the back. These have been covered with another piece of paper so no one but you can tell which picture is yours. I have mixed all of them up and will give everyone a picture. (Not your own) Try to figure out whose picture you have and write that person's name on the back. Do not give out any hints. Study the picture and think about the features hair, eyes so on. The names of the children in our room are on the board. Copy the name off the board and put it on the back. (This will take a while to complete.) Then we will read our choices, and peel off the paper to see if we are right. (After this has been done say:) Some of us were right and some of us were mistaken. This is because we have changed.

We will learn about how living things grow and change. All living things do grow and change. Think about one way you have changed and whisper this to a neighbor. (Brainstorm their comments) Some of you said you were taller, had more hair, teeth, so on. What is one way you might change by next year? (response) Will your same clothes fit? (No) No? Why not? (response) Your arms have grown. So have your legs and feet. (Lead a discussion on the differences they suggest teeth, hair, nails) When you become an adult, will you stop growing? (response) How will you change? (Wrinkles - 1 year older etc.) Remember that all living things grow and change - tiny trees grow tall, baby kittens become cats, and small babies become grown-ups. Non-living things do not change in size. The desk or pencil won't change. Look around the room for non-living things.

We are living so we grow and change. Do you think you weigh the same as you did as a baby? (No) No, of course not. One way to prove we have changed is by looking at our pictures. Another way is to measure our height and weight. We will do this and make a chart to check at the end of the year and next year at this time because we do change, even if slowly sometimes. (Measure and weigh each child)

Do you think a plant is a living thing? (response) Why? (Brainstorm) It does grow and change. We can see this for ourselves as we start a plant seed. Each child will get some seeds, a paper towel and cup to put your seeds in. (demonstrate, then the next day) Do you see a difference in your seed? pause) What is different? (response) Let's cut open one of the bean seeds and see what is inside. Around each tiny plant is food. The plant is resting now and it can stay this way for a long time. To grow, the plant needs water, soil, sunlight (poster or bulletin board with plant parts) The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. Water travels up roots to the rest of the plant. (do experiment with stem in water) A green plant makes food in the leaves. It uses sunlight to help make its food. If we put a plant in a dark room and leave it for several days, what will happen? (response) It will turn pale, wilt, and die. Some plants have flowers. Fruit grows from part inside the fruit. Such as an apple tree. In spring the apple tree is covered with flowers. Soon the flower petals fall off and small green balls grow where the flowers were. These balls are little green apples. How did this happen? (response) Bees came to the flowers and pollinated them.

Some fruits have many seeds while others have one. (Have different fruits available) Let's count and compare the seeds of different fruits. (Pumpkin, apple, peach, grape, orange, cucumber) You may use other fruits. Some plants have seeds without flowers such as a pine tree. Have a pine cone available) Wind carries the pollen from the cones and spreads it. Let's think of seeds we eat. Do we eat the seeds of an apple? (response) How about a peach? (No) How about a grape? (response) Can you think of a seed you eat? (response) What about a butter bean or a pea? (Yes)

Animals are living things so they grow and change. Let's look at some animal babies and their mothers to see if they change. (Use bulletin board or pictures.) Do all of these babies look like their mothers? (Use pictures or bulletin board.) Which of these babies have changed the most? The baby frog? (response) The baby puppy? (response) The baby butterfly? (response) The baby kitten? (response) How many of you have had a baby animal and watched it mature or grow, into an adult? (response) Let's talk about some of the changes you noticed. (Lead a discussion) We can see that all living things grow and change and mature. Then the cycle begins again or continues. (Hand out work sheet) Look at the pictures I have of babies and their mothers. Each of you will match these babies to their adult picture. (Discuss this as they look at the pictures) We can watch some of these who change more quickly than others. We grow slowly, trees grow slowly but a tadpole changes into a frog and a butterfly egg changes more quickly. (Do experiment with caterpillar) The butterfly makes a more complete change than others. But it does grow and change into a mature adult.

(HOW DO SEEDS GROW? Put a paper towel in cup. Pour a little water in a cup. Place a bean seed between paper and cup. Keep the towel damp each day. Watch the seeds grow. Optional: draw a picture each day to chart the changes. ex. What grows first? second? What comes out of a bud? Observe buds with lens. Draw a picture of each branch. Circle the buds you think will be leaves. Box in the buds you think will be flowers. Put water and branches in a vase. Observe the buds each day. Draw what happens to the buds. The process takes about two weeks.)

(Does a leaf give off water? Put a plant on cardboard. Put a glass jar over it. Put Vaseline around the jar. Wait a few days. What is inside the jar? Water will be on the sides of the jar. Where did it come from? How does water get to leaves? Mix food coloring with some water in a jar. Put celery stem in the water. Wait a day. How do celery leaves look? Cut off a piece of stem. What do you see? Stem carries water to rest of plant. How does a caterpillar change? Put caterpillar and leaves in cup. Tape lid on top of cup. Use lens to observe caterpillar each day. Keep cup clean and add new leaves each day. Wash hands after handling. questions: What did it look like? How did it eat? What did it eat? How did it move? How did it change?)

Bulletin board suggestions are: pictures of students as babies and as they are now; animal babies and their mothers; animal babies and their changes from birth to adult. Label each stage such as eggs, young tadpoles, older tadpole, adult; baby puppy, 1 week old puppy, 1 month old puppy, adult dog.)

What do all living things do? (pause) Whisper to your neighbor. Did you say change and grow? (response) That's correct. One more time whisper whether living or non-living things grow and mature. (response) Yes, LIVING things grow and mature. As I point to a part of the plant, whisper to your neighbor what part this is. (Use poster or bulletin board) Tell your neighbor what part of the plant we are eating when I say a certain food. Carrot? (pause, then response) Yes, it is a root. Celery? (pause, then response) Correct, the stem. Butter bean? (pause, then response) Yes, it is a seed. Broccoli? (pause, then response) Correct, it is the flower. Apple?(pause, then response) Yes, it is the fruit. Lettuce? (pause, then response) Yes, it is the leaf. (summarize) We have learned that living things grow and change - plants, animals - and us. We will be different next year because we are changing and growing and you will eventually become an adult - a grown-up.

Teacher made work sheet showing growth stages of a plant.

This is the time this file has been accessed since 04/20/97.

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