Biology 110 Exam No. 2
1. Name the set of chemical reactions that captures light energy and stores that energy in molecules such as glucose.
2. Name the cell part in which the process described in question one occurs.
3. Name the set of chemical reactions that transfers energy from food molecules and stores that energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate.
4. Name the cell part in which the process described in question three occurs when oxygen is present.
5. Name the building blocks, or subunits, of proteins.
6. All proteins have primary structure. The preceding statement is:
A. true; B. false, because some proteins do not contain amino acids; C. false, because some proteins do not contain twenty kinds of amino acids
7. Which of the following correctly describes cellulose?
A. carbohydrate; B. macromolecule; C. polysaccharide; D. a polymer composed of glucose;
E. all of these are correct
8. Name the chemical molecule that temporarily stores energy and directly supplies energy for all cell and organismal activities that require energy.
9. Name the chemical molecule that stores genetic information in the nucleus of a cell.
10. Name the building blocks, or subunits, of nucleic acids.
11. Spontaneous generation:
A. is not now occurring on Planet Earth; B. possibly occurred at some earlier time on Planet Earth; C. involves the conversion of non-living molecules into living material; D. is correctly described by all of the preceding answers
12. Name the cell part that produces a chloroplast.
13. Name the cell part that packages, labels, and ships materials it has received.
14. Name the cell part that manufactures protein molecules.
15-16. Name two (of the three) components ( = parts) of a nucleotide.
17. How many membranes surround each mitochondrion?
18. How many mitochondria are present in a eukaryotic cell?
A. none; B. usually dependent on the type of cell activity; C. millions and millions; D. no way to estimate
19. Which of the following is most likely to have a large vacuole in the center of the cell?
A. bacterium; B. plant; C. animal; D. no way to determine
20. Name the cell part that consists of a network of membranes that may extend throughout the cytoplasm and is involved in the transportation of materials.
21. Name the cell part to which most ribosomes are attached.
22. Name a biological process or activity that makes energy.
A. cell respiration; B. photosynthesis; C. breakdown of ATP; D. there is no such process
23. The term “lyse” means:
A. to remove a phosphate; B. to combine with water; C. to cover with a lipid; D. to break open
24. Name a type of polysaccharide that is commonly stored in leucoplasts.
25. Name the cell part that produces a cilium.
26. How many microtubules are present in a flagellum?
27. Name a type of human cell that possesses a flagellum.
28. Which of the following are found in all normal living cells?
A. mitochondria; B. chloroplasts; C. ribosomes; D. cell membrane; E. deoxyribonucleic acid; F. centrioles; G. only A, B, and C; H. only C, D, and E; I. only D, E, and F
29. Which of the following will be found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
A. endoplasmic reticulum; B. chromosome; C. ribosome; D. cell membrane
30. A carbohydrate molecule with 30 carbon atoms would contain (approximately) how many hydrogen atoms?
A. 30; B. 60; C. 10; D. no way to predict since the temperature is not known
31. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A. glucose; B. fructose; C. sucrose; D. starch
32. Polysaccharides are polymers composed of:
A. amino acids; B. nucleotides; C. monosaccharides; D. fatty acids
33. Name the polysaccharide molecule in which humans store excess glucose in the liver.
34. How many fatty acids are present in one fat molecule?
35. Which of the following would contain the most energy (i.e., the most calories)?
A. 1 gram of glucose; B. 1 gram of glycogen; C. 1 gram of starch; D. 1 gram of fat
36. To which of the following can a chemist not add more hydrogen atoms?
A. saturated fat; B. unsaturated fat; C. polyunsaturated fat
37. Most lipid molecules are nonpolar (= not polarized) and therefore are:
A. not soluble in water; B. easily dissolved in water; C. soluble in water if the pH is above 2.0
38. When present in the diet in large amounts, which of the following is most likely to cause problems in our circulatory system?
A. unsaturated fats; B. saturated fats; C. nucleic acids; D. amino acids
39. A steroid molecule will contain:
A. 3 rings of carbon atoms; B. 4 rings of carbon atoms; C. 5 rings of carbon atoms
40. Sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol, are examples of:
A. nucleic acids; B. proteins; C. lipids; D. carbohydrates
41. Name the polysaccharide molecule that is a major component of cell walls of plants.
42. How many peptide bonds are present in a tripeptide?
A. one; B. two; C. three; D. no way to answer without seeing the molecule
43. How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins in plant cells?
44. The secondary structure and tertiary structure of a protein describe:
A. the number of amino acids present; B. the kinds of amino acids present; C. the shape of the molecule; D. the function of the molecule
45. Which of these is most commonly used to protect body organs from physical damage (i.e., serves as a shock absorber)?
A. glycogen; B. insulin; C. fat; D. nucleic acids
46. Which of the following nitrogen bases is present in ribonucleic acid but not in deoxyribonucleic acid?
A. adenine; B. thymine; C. uracil; D. guanine; E. cytosine
47. A nucleotide containing adenine would be complemented by a nucleotide containing which of the following?
A. thymine, if we are building deoxyribonucleic acid; B. uracil, if we are building ribonucleic acid; C. guanine; D. cytosine; E. adenine; F. both A and B are correct
48. Where is genetic information stored in a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid?
A. sequence of phosphates; B. sequence of sugars; C. sequence of nitrogen bases; D. sequence of amino acids; E. information is not stored in deoxyribonucleic acid
49-50. Draw and label (ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET) the structural formula for an amino acid.
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