Biology 120 Exam Number 1
Fall 2002
An answer sheet is attached as the last page of this exam. Please separate the answer sheet from the exam. Turn in only the answer sheet--keep the exam. Please write your name on the front and back of the answer sheet. Place all answers on the answer sheet. On multiple-choice answers, select only one answer; one answer is better than the others. On multiple-choice answers, place the letter that indicates your choice on the answer sheet. (Do not write out the entire answer.)
On true/false questions, write out the word "true" or "false." Please write or print clearly; if I cannot read your answer, I will assume it is wrong.
1. In a stable population (i.e., a population in which the number of individuals remains approximately the same), how many surviving offspring much each parent, on average, produce?
2. True or False In most stable populations, each adult leaves one offspring.
3. True or False Darwin's concept of natural selection was based on the assumption that each adult in a species would produce the same number of offspring.
4. "Fitness" of an individual is ultimately judged by _?_
5. True or False Bill size is similar in a family of birds because adults and their offspring grow up in similar environments.
6. According
to Grant's calculations, what is the minimum period of time needed to transform
one species of
7. Which type of selection is most common on the islands that have relatively constant environmental conditions?
A. directional; B. disruptive; C. stabilizing
8. True or False Grant concluded that all of
9. True or False Grant concluded that
10. True or False Grant concluded that in some years, small body size and small bill size are best for a finch.
11. True or False Grant concluded that in some years, large body size and large bill size are best for a finch.
12. What is the most noticeable difference
between the species of
13. How many species (or "forms") of finches are thought to have flown from South America, to have colonized the Galapagos Islands, and to have given rise to all of the known species of Darwin's Finches?
14. What is an archipelago?
15. Which is more likely to have several closely related species of birds?
A. one large island; B. an archipelago
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Select from the following list the term that is best described by, or associated with, each of the statements in questions 16 through 26. (Terms may be used more than once.)
niche; character displacement; competitive exclusion; species;
population; mutation; deoxyribonucleic acid; gene;
egg; reproductive isolation; habitat; natural selection; biological success
16. Section of a chromosome that has information for the manufacture of one type of protein.
17. Information-storing molecule that is present in chromosomes.
18. Term that describes the inability of two groups of organisms to exchange genetic information with each other.
19. Two closely related species attempt to colonize the same area; one of the species goes extinct.
20. K-Mart goes bankrupt.
21. A species of bird is so efficient at finding and eating moths that another species of bird discontinues searching for moths and concentrates on other types of food.
22. A description of how an organism obtains energy.
23. Eastern bluebirds live in or near grasslands.
24. A body cell that contains 1N chromosomes.
25. A change in the information stored in a DNA molecule.
26. Measured by the number of offspring that survive to reproduce.
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27. Which of the following types of natural selection results in selection against the extremes and selection for the average?
A. disruptive; B. directional; C. stabilizing; D. none of these; E. all of these
28. which of the following types of natural selection results in selection against one extreme and selection for the other extreme?
A. disruptive; B. directional; C. stabilizing; D. none of these; E. all of these
29. True or False We cannot prevent mutations from occurring.
30. True or False Most mutations are harmful, but a few may be beneficial to the involved individuals.
31. True or False The goal of evolution in nature is to construct the most complex organisms.
32. Begin with one bacterium. Assume that it divides into two bacteria in 10 minutes and that both offspring survive. How many bacteria would be present at the end of one hour if all offspring survive and they continue to divide every 10 minutes?
33. Compare two rabbits. One has large ears and one has small ears. What is one advantage of having large ears?
34. Compare two rabbits. One has large ears and one has small ears. What is one advantage of having small ears?
35. Which is better for an individual rabbit: large ears or small ears?
A. large ears; B. small ears; C. cannot determine the correct answer without more information; D. trick question since rabbit ears are not subject to natural selection
36. Name the kingdom in which we humans are members.
37. Which is more likely to be successful (and survive) over a long period of time?
A. a generalist species; B. a specialist species; C. a species that consists of highly complex organisms
38. Snail kites are a type of bird whose food consists primarily of one species of snail. Few, if any, other species of birds eat this type of snail. Snail kites are:
A. generalists; B. specialists
39. Snail kites are a type of bird whose food consists primarily of one species of snail. Few, if any, other species of birds eat this type of snail. Why have the numbers of snail kites declined to an extremely small number?
A. snail numbers have increased and kites cannot eat all of them; B. snail numbers have not changed; C. snail numbers have declined.
40. True or False Antibiotics and pesticides cause mutations to occur in living organisms.
41. The production of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is due to which of the following?
A. stabilizing selection; B. disruptive selection; C. directional selection
42. True or False Evolution is currently occurring in local soybean fields as farmers apply pesticides to combat harmful insects.
43. Why should antibiotics not be continuously added to livestock feed?
A. too expensive; B. cattle produce too much fat; C. resistant strains of bacteria may evolve and be transferred to humans; D. there is no biological reason why antibiotics should not be added to livestock food.
44. True or False Many species of harmful bacteria are resistant to one or more types of antibiotics.
45. True or False Taking antibiotics every day for a long period of time in order to prevent a person from catching a disease is a good medical practice.
46. Why should antibiotics not be used to treat colds in humans?
A. colds are not harmful, they are only an inconvenience; B. colds are caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics; C. colds are caused by viruses, which are not affected by antibiotics.
47. What is the best color for an individual peppered moth?
A. dark; B. light; C. depends on the environment
48. What is the best color for peppered moths as a species?
A. all dark; B. all light; C. all of whatever color the background is; D. some of each color so that regardless of changes in background color some individuals will survive.
49. Genetic drift is most likely to occur in a population of what size?
A. large; B. medium; C. small
50. What will eventually happen to all environments and climates? They will _?_