Biology 120 Final Exam
Spring 2003
1.
True or False Darwin's concept of
natural selection was based on the assumption that each adult in a species
would produce the same number of offspring.
2. True or False In most stable populations, each adult
actually leaves one offspring.
3.
In a stable population
(i.e., a population in which the number of individuals remains approximately
the same), how many surviving offspring must each parent, on average, produce?
4.
True or False The one thing we know for certain about our
ancestors (i.e., mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, great-grandmother,
etc.) is that every one of them produced at least one offspring that survived
to reproduce.
5. Name one specific piece of evidence that
supports the theory that all living organisms on Planet Earth had a common
origin.
A. all organisms use the same 20 amino acids to build
proteins; B. all organisms use molecules
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to supply their energy needs; C. all organisms store genetic information in
molecules of DNA or RNA; D. all of these
are correct.
6.
True or False The more frequently we humans use antibiotics
the higher the probability that antibiotic resistance will occur in species of
harmful bacteria.
7. Which
of the following is present in some viruses but never in bacteria?
A. flagella; B. capsule;
C. reverse transcriptase; D. DNA (= deoxyribonucleic acid)
8.
Although the exact number of
cells is not known, each of us has several body cells that contain viral
nucleic acid that is in the provirus stage.
This situation:
A. is totally harmless, since the viruses never become
active; B. is a "time bomb"
just waiting for the appropriate signal to activate it; C. is usually beneficial to the host cell
since the viruses reduce the number of harmful mutations; D. almost always causes the host cell to
mutate at a faster rate.
9. Antibiotics are most effective against
diseases caused by which of the following?
A. prions; B. viruses;
C. bacteria; D. fungi
10.
The fact that HIV is _?_
during the latent period is bad news, because this means that mutations that
enable the virus to evade medications can occur and be selected for.
A. active (in the vegetative stage
or lytic cycle); B. inactive (in the
provirus or lysogenic cycle)
11. Which of the following is an infectious
agent that does not contain either DNA or RNA?
A. prion; B. retrovirus; C. Clostridium tetani; D.
endospores of anthrax
12. From which of the following would a person
most likely acquire histoplasmosis?
A. eating chicken that was processed by the Tyson
company B. playing with chickens; C. breathing in spores from soil contaminated
with chicken feces; D. eating chicken
that is not well cooked
13. True or False Most bacteria are harmful.
14. Name the heart chamber to which blood
flows from the right atrium of an adult.
15. Name the blood vessel to which blood flows
from the left ventricle of an adult.
16. In an adult, blood flows out of the left
atrium into the heart chamber named the _?_
17. In an adult, blood is pumped out of the
right ventricle into a vessel named the _?_
18. Name the vessel that delivers blood from
the heart to the lungs.
19. Name the heart chamber to which most blood
will move after leaving the right atrium of a human fetus.
20. How much blood does a typical adult human
possess?
A. 5 gallons; B. 5 pints;
C. 5 quarts; D. 5 ml
21. Name the structure that is called the
pacemaker in a human heart.
22. Which of the following contracts first in
a human heart beat?
A. atria; B. ventricles; C. aorta;
D. foramen ovale
23. If an adult human has a complete set of
teeth, how many teeth are present?
24. Name the blood vessel that delivers blood
from the liver to the vena cava.
25. Name the body organ in which urea is
manufactured.
26. In which of
the following are human vocal cords located?
A. esophagus; B. larynx;
C. caecum; D. alveoli
27. Name the dead end, sac-like structures
where oxygen diffuses into the blood stream.
28. When a person inhales, air moves from the
trachea into the _?_.
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29-39. Male
reproductive system:
Possible answers for some of the questions: vas deferens; epididymis; acrosome;
seminiferous tubules; interstitial
cells; urethra; prostate; seminal vesicles; prostrate; hypothalamus;
luteinizing; ureter
29. True or False The epididymis is located in the scrotum.
30. Sperm are produced in structures called
the _30_.
31. Sperm will spend approximately 18-20 hours
in the tube named the _?_ as the sperm mature and gain motility.
32. A gland named the _?_ surrounds the
urethra.
33. Sperm move out of the scrotum in a tube
named the _?_
34. The normal temperature of the human
scrotum is _?_
35. Name the tissue (i.e., group of cells)
that produces testosterone.
36. Name the structure that contains enzymes
that open the egg's plasma membrane and allow the sperm nucleus to enter the
egg.
37. What is the pH of seminal fluids?
A. acid; B. alkaline;
C. neutral
38. After a sperm enters the reproductive
tract of a female, how long do the sperm remain viable?
A. 14 days; B. 28 days;
C. 24-36 hours; D. 2-5 days; E. 30-45 minutes.
39. During a vasectomy, how many tubes are
actually cut?
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40. On what day of the uterine cycle does the
menstrual flow begin?
41. On what day of the uterine cycle does
ovulation typically occur?
42. Which of the following best describes the
term "ovulation"?
A. release of an egg from the corpus luteum; B. release of an egg from the oviduct; C. release of an egg from the ovary; D. release of an egg from the hypothalamus.
43. On what two days of the uterine cycle is
fertilization of an egg most likely to occur?
44. On what days of the uterine cycle is an
embryo most likely to begin implantation?
45. In what body organ will a human embryo
implant?
46. On what days of the uterine cycle is an
embryo most likely to complete the process of implantation?
47. On what day of the uterine cycle is a
Graafian follicle most likely to release an egg?
48. Graafian follicles are located in what
organ?
49. At the time of birth a human female
possesses approximately how many immature eggs?
50. Name the hormone that stimulates the
development of a Graafian follicle.
51. Name the structure that produces and
releases follicle stimulating hormone.
52. True
or False "Follicle stimulating
hormone" and "follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor" are
simply different names for the same hormone.
53. During which days of the uterine cycle is
a developing Graafian follicle most likely to be present?
A. Days 1-14; B. Days 14-28; C. Days 1-28;
D. Days 10-20.
54. Following the release of its egg, a
Graafian follicle is converted into a structure named the _?_.
55. Name the body organ in which the structure
named the corpus luteum is normally located.
56. During which days of the uterine cycle is
a functional corpus luteum most likely to be present?
A. Days 1-14; B. Days 14-28; C. Days 1-28;
D. Days 10-20.
57. One functional Graafian follicle will
normally contain how many eggs?
58. One functional corpus luteum will normally
contain how many eggs?
59. Name a hormone produced by a developing
Graafian follicle.
60 and 61. Name two
hormones produced by a corpus luteum.
62. Name the hormone that stimulates the
conversion of a Graafian follicle into a corpus luteum.
63. Name the hormone that most directly
triggers ovulation.
64 and 65. Name
the two hormones that are the active ingredients of most birth control pills.
66.
A healthy, 30-year-old human
female who is not pregnant and who
is not taking any type of birth control pills will, on average, ovulate how
many eggs in one year?
67. A healthy,
30-year-old human female who is
taking birth control pills will, on average, ovulate how many eggs in one year?
68. What is the name of the lining of uterus?
69. On what day of the uterine cycle does the
lining of the uterus begin to slough off?
70. Which of these are functions of estrogen
and progesterone?
A. block ovulation; B. develop and maintain the endometrium; C. both A and B
71.
True or False A healthy 20-year-old human male will produce
more gametes in one day than a typical human female will ovulate in her entire
life.
72. Following ovulation, how long is an egg
capable of being fertilized?
73. Name the structure that produces
luteinizing hormone.
74. Which of the following is true?
A.
the ovary and uterus are two different organs;
B.
events in the ovary and events in the uterus must be coordinated if
pregnancy is to occur;
C.
the ovary and the uterus communicate with each other primarily by means
of hormones.
D.
all of these statements are correct.
75. Name the structure that produces follicle
stimulating hormone.