BIOLOGY 120  EXAM NO. 1  SPRING 1999

Place all answers on the attached answer sheet.  For multiple choice question: select the best answer of those available and place the LETTER corresponding to that answer on your answer sheet.  If I have difficulty reading an answer, I will mark it wrong.

  1.  What distance separates the Galapagos Islands from the mainland of South America?

  1.    6,000 miles;  

  2.  60 miles;  

  3.  600 miles;  

  4.  600 kilometers

 

2.  How were the Galapagos Islands formed?

  1.  volcanoes;  

  2.  earthquakes;  

  3.  erosion of mainland;  

  4.  deposition by coral

  3.  How many species of Darwin’s Finches are known?

  1.  14;  

  2.  1;  

  3.  4;  

  4.  thousands

  4.  True or False  Each of the Galapagos Islands has only one species of Darwin’s Finch.

  5.  What is the most noticeable difference between the different species of Darwin’s Finches?

  1.  beak size and shape;  

  2.  head color;  

  3.  wing shape;  

  4.  body size

  6.  An archipelago is a group of _?_

  1.  birds;  

  2.  rocks;  

  3.  islands;  

  4.  species

  7.  In a stable population, how many surviving offspring must each parent, on average, produce?

  1.  one;  

  2.  two;  

  3.  dozens;  

  4.  hundreds

  8.  True or False  In most stable populations, each adult leaves one offspring.

  9.  “Fitness” of an individual is ultimately judged by _?_

  1.  body size;  

  2.  plumage color;  

  3.  number of offspring produced; 

  4.  number of offspring that survive to reproduce

  10.  True or False  Darwin’s concept of natural selection was based on the assumption that each adult in a species would produce the same number of offspring.

 11.  What period of time is needed to transform one species of Darwin’s Finch into two species?

  1.   at least 5,000 years;  

  2.  at least 10,000 years; 

  3.  as little as 200 years;  

  4. there is no way to calculate an answer to this question

  12.  Which type of selection is most common on the islands that have relatively constant environmental conditions?

  1.  directional;  

  2.  disruptive;  

  3.  stabilizing;  

  4.  any of these could be correct

  13.  True or False   All Darwin’s Finches are exactly the same size.

  14.  True or False   Darwin’s Finches are constantly being subjected to natural selection.

  15.  Why is the cheetah facing extinction?

  1.  only 200 remain alive;  

  2.  loss of genetic variation;  

  3.  overhunting;  

  4.  lack of food

  16.  How closely related (genetically) are all living cheetahs?

  1.  not genetically close, they just happen to live in the same area;  

  2.  very close, almost like identical twins;  

  3.  no one has a clue, but they do all have spots

  17.  True of False   A species with much genetic diversity (i.e., variability) is likely to survive longer than a species with little or no genetic diversity.

  18.  True or False  A piece of skin from one cheetah can be successfully grafted onto any other living cheetah.

  19.  True or False   The best available evidence suggests that cheetahs experienced a population bottleneck some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

  20.  Cheetahs are definitely doomed to rapid extinction.  The preceding statement:

  1.   is true, because too few of them remain; 

  2.  is true, because of the lack of genetic diversity;  

  3.  may not be true

  21.  What is the effect of mitosis on the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced from parent cells?

  1.  each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell;  

  2.  daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells;  

  3.  daughter cells have one/half as many chromosomes as the parent cells;  

  4.  depends on the organism in which mitosis occurs.

  22.  What is the effect of meiosis on the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced from parent cells?

  1.  each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell;  

  2.  daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells;  

  3.  daughter cells have one/half as many chromosomes as the parent cells;  

  4.  depends on the organism in which meiosis occurs.

  23.  Name the molecule in which mutations occur.

  24.  When a gene is “on” a molecule called a _?_ will be produced.

  1.  carbohydrate;  

  2.  fat;  

  3.  lipid; 

  4.  protein

  25.  True or False  Most genes in each human cell are turned “off” most of the time.

  26.  The best one word biological definition of the term “evolution” is:

  1.  good;  

  2.  bad; 

  3.  evil;  

  4.  success;  

  5.  change

  27.  How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?  Artificial selection always involves _?_

  1.  cold weather; 

  2.  food shortage; 

  3.  human choice; 

  4.  predators

  28.  True or False  All of the members of a species are potentially capable of interbreeding.

  29.  True or False  Members of one species are reproductively isolated from members of other species.

  30.  How many populations of house mice exist on the UTM campus?

  1.  only one;  

  2.  probably only two;  

  3.  at most three;  

  4.  probably many more than three

  31.  Which of the following is the best indicator of biological success?

  1.  body size;  

  2.  body weight;  

  3.  body color;  

  4.  number of genes passed to the next generation

  32.  One bacterium divides and produces two bacteria every 30 minutes.  All of the offspring survive.  How many bacteria will be present at the end of 3 hours?

  33.  Which of the following types of variation is most likely to be passed on to one’s offspring?

  1.  inherited;  

  2.  acquired;  

  3.  if you listened carefully in class you know that both are equally likely to be passed on.

 

34.  A recent article in a Memphis newspaper stated that “Increased use of antibiotics has caused mutations to occur in bacteria.”   The quoted statement is:

  1.  false;  

  2.  definitely true;  

  3.  possibly true depending on the circumstances

  35.  The same newspaper article described in question 34 stated that “As a result of mutations, some bacteria were able to resist the effects of certain antibiotics.”  The quoted statement is:

  1.  false;  

  2.  true;  

  3.  possibly true but it depends on why the mutations occurred

  36.  Some of the chemical molecules that we call antibiotics are able to:

  1.  kill or control some bacteria populations;  

  2.  stimulate growth in livestock;  

  3.  cure viral infections;  

  4.  both A and B, but not C, are are correct

  37.  Humans should not continuously take antibiotics because antibiotics:

  1.  may cause weight gain;  

  2.  will reduce the number of beneficial viruses in our blood;  

  3.  can cause food to taste funny;  

  4.  will kill susceptible bacteria and not harm resistant bacteria

  38.  The best color for a peppered moth in Great Britain:

  1.  is dark;  

  2.  is light;  

  3.  depends on the color of tree trunks and rocks

  39.  Evolution results in changes in gene frequencies.  Which of the following can influence gene frequencies?

  1.  natural selection;  

  2.  genetic drift;  

  3.  founder effect;  

  4.  gene flow;  

  5.  all of these (A, B, C, and D);  F. coin flips

  40.  Genetic drift:

  1.  is predictable;  

  2.  is random;  

  3.  is more likely to occur in a small population;  

  4.  is more likely to occur in a large population;  

  5.   both A and D are correct;  F. both B and D are correct

  41.  What is the effect of a population bottleneck on a population?

  1.  reduces the population size;  

  2.  increases genetic diversity;  

  3.  decreases genetic diversity; 

  4.  both A and C are correct;  

  5.  answer B sounds good but none of the others make sense

  42.  Hemoglobin is an example of which of the following types of macromolecules?

  1.  lipid;  

  2.  protein;  

  3.  carbohydrate;  

  4.  nucleic acid

  43.  As a result of the genetically altered hemoglobin that results in sickle-cell anemia, a person:

  1.  has reduced ability to transport oxygen;  

  2.  gain some protection against malaria;  

  3.  both a and B are correct

  44.  In each generation of dogs we allow only those with the longest legs to reproduce.  This is an example of:

  1.  directional selection;  

  2.  stabilizing selection;  

  3.  disruptive selection

45.  Which of the following is an example of evolution here in Tennessee?

  1.  antibiotic resistance in bacteria; 

  2.  pesticide resistance in insects;  

  3.  increased height of human females;  

  4.  definitely A and B, but probably not C

  46.  Can a mutation that occurs in one population spread to another population in same species?

  1.  yes, if gene flow is established;  

  2.  no way;  

  3.  yes, if all of the individuals in one population are genetically identical;  

  4.  yes, if the same mutations occur in all individuals

  47.  What is the source of new species?

  1.  spontaneous generation;  

  2.  older species;  

  3.  Federal Express;  

  4.  friendly neighbor effect

  48.  Which species is more likely to survive environmental changes?

  1.  specialist;  

  2.  generalist;  

  3.  no difference: neither will survive any environmental changes

  49.  As a result of competitive exclusion, one species will:

  1.  become extinct;  

  2.  survive;  

  3.  mutate more rapidly than another;  

  4.  both A and B are correct in that one species will become extinct while the other survives

  50.  Which of the following is most likely to happen to a generalist species as a result of character displacement?

  1.  extinction;  

  2.  discontinue eating a specific type of food;  

  3.  eat many foods that it did not previously eat;  

  4.  none of these are logical so D must be correct.

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