Biology
120 Exam No. 2 Fall
1997
Place all answers on the attached answer sheet.
For multiple choice questions, write only the letter that indicates your
choice of answers.
1. What type of organism
causes smallpox?
2. What type of organism
did Edward Jenner use for inoculation against smallpox?
3. Why can influenza not be
eliminated as a human disease as has smallpox?
A. influenza is not caused by a virus;
B. influenza is caused by a virus; C.
only humans, not other animals, can have influenza;
D. several kinds of animals other than humans can have influenza;
4. What process is used to
protect vaccines that are to be used in areas without refrigeration?
5. What age group of people
was most affected by bewitchment in Salem Village in 1692?
A. young adults; B. old
adults; C. children and teenagers;
D. all age groups were equally affected
6. Which of the following
may be a symptom of ergotism in humans?
A. formication;
B. muscle twitching; C.
convulsions; D. partial paralysis; E.
all of these
7. How many people lived in
Ireland in 1845?
8. How many people died in
Ireland during the Great Hunger of 1845-1852?
9. Name the geographical
area where potatoes apparently originated.
10. Name the geographical
area where the late blight fungus apparently originated.
11. Name the geographical
area where potatoes were first affected by the late blight fungus.
12. Name the kingdom for
the organism that causes late blight in potatoes.
13. The four major food
crops for people on Planet Earth are potatoes, rice, corn, and _?_
14. Why will one type of
fungicide not effectively control the late blight fungus?
A. genetic diversity in the fungus;
B. the fungus can reproduce asexually;
C. the fungus is spread by birds; D.
spores of the late blight fungus are known to lie dormant for thousands of years
15. How are burweed
(“Mexican”) beetles and potato beetles genetically related?
A. they are in different genera; B.
they are different species in the same genus;
C. they are subspecies (= geographic races or varieties) of the same
species; D. they have no genes in
common and are therefore not related
16. The statement that the
introduction of the late blight fungus to Ireland was influenced by the
“founder effect” would suggest that:
A. the fungus in Ireland originally had little, if any, genetic
variation; B. the fungus in Ireland
originally had tremendous genetic variation;
C. the fungus was introduced many different times;
D. unpredictably strong winds carried the fungal spores from the United
States to Ireland many times
17. Two populations of the
same species are likely to show a decrease in genetic differences if:
A. no gene flow occurs between the two populations;
B. they have no genes in common; C.
gene flow regularly occurs between the two populations;
D. mutations occur in one population but not in the other population
18. Which of the following
would most likely occur when we spray a fungicide (i.e., a material that kills
fungi) on our 1997 crop of potato plants that are affected with late blight
fungus?
A. directional selection; B.
stabilizing selection; C.
disruptive selection; D. all the
fungi would be killed
19. Which of the following
best explains why sugar maple trees and red maple trees rarely interbreed?
A. geographic isolation;
B. behavioral isolation;
C. ecological isolation; D.
temporal isolation
20. Individuals in two
populations look alike. These two
populations may actually be separate species.
The second statement:
A. is false because organisms that look alike must be in the same
species; B. is true because any
time two populations are physically separated they must be in different species;
C. is true because even though the individuals may look alike they may
not be capable of interbreeding; D.
is false because we have no way of knowing whether or not they can interbreed
21. Which of the following
can a virus do by itself?
A. reproduce; B.
manufacture ATP; C. manufacture
DNA; D. all of these (A-C);
E. none of the above
22. Two components of all
viruses are:
A. nucleic acid and ribosomes; B.
nucleic acid and mitochondria; C.
nucleic acid and protein; D.
protein and ribosomes
23. The term “lyse”
refers to:
A. small animals that are parasites on dogs, cats, and people;
B. a stage of inactivity; C.
the building of new bacteria; D. a
process that results in breaking something open
24. Which of the following
best describes the events of a viral lytic cycle?
A. virus is outside of a host cell and is not being reproduced;
B. virus is inside a host cell and is reproducing;
C. virus is inside a host cell but is not being reproduced;
C. virus is inside a host cell and is being reproduced
25. Viral nucleic acid may
be incorporated into a host cell chromosome but remain inactive for:
A. years; B. no more than
several months; C. no more than
several days; C. no more than a few
minutes
26. Which of the following
viral diseases has most affected the economy and history of Martin, Tennessee?
A. small pox; B. rabies;
C. measles; D. yellow fever
27. A retrovirus typically
carries its genetic information in:
A. proteins; B. RNA;
C. DNA; D. glycolipids
28. True or False
All of the known retroviruses specifically affect only humans.
29. What is a major
difference between these two viruses: HIV and HTLV-III ?
A. HIV affects people, but HTLV-III affects people and cats;
B. HTLV-III affects only cats; C.
HTLV-III can infect healthy humans but HIV cannot;
D. there are no differences between these two viruses since they are
different names for the same virus
30. Name the cell part to
which HIV must attach before affecting a human cell.
A. nucleus; B. cell
membrane; C. ribosomes;
D. mitochondria; E. chromosome
31. During its “latent”
period (which may be 10 or more years), HIV is:
A. inactive; B. actively
attacking host cells but the host is able to defend itself;
C. probably doing something but we have no clue as to what it is doing
32. We are currently living
in the age of:
A. dinosaurs; B. humans;
C. insects; D. bacteria
33. Structures called _?_
enable some bacteria to survive periods of environmental stress.
A. DNA; B. endospores;
C. flagella; D. ribosomes
34. A rod-shaped bacterium
would be called a:
A. coccus; B. bacillus;
C. spirillum; D. pest
35. The discovery of
penicillin by Alexander Fleming was enhanced by Fleming’s:
A. curiosity; B. laziness;
C. luck; D. all of these
36. Penicillin is produced
by a group of organisms in the kingdom _?_
37. A typical, or average,
number of bacteria in 1 gram of soil is:
A. 2.5 thousand; B. 2.5
million; C. 2.5 billion;
D. infinite
38. Which of the following
is usually easier to control with antibiotics?
A. Gram + bacteria; B. Gram
- bacteria; C. viruses
39. A bacterium that
requires the presence of atmospheric oxygen in order to metabolize and reproduce
is best described as:
A. facultative anaerobic; B.
obligate anaerobic; C. obligate aerobic
40. Spores of the fungus Histoplasma
capsulatum are normally spread by:
A. birds; B. bats; C. people; D. bulldozers; E. wind