Biology 110 Exam 4 (Fall 1998)

1. Name the stage of mitosis when single-stranded chromosomes are moving away from each other.

2. Name the stage of the cell cycle when new deoxyribonucleic acid is manufactured.

3. Name the stage of the cell cycle when a cell prepares to divide.

4. How will the process of mitosis affect the number of chromosomes in the newly formed nuclei?

  1. daughter nuclei will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  2. daughter nuclei will have one-half as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  3. daughter nuclei will have the same number and same kinds of chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  4. depends on the type of cell

5. Calculate the surface to volume ratio of a 3 inch cube.

6. Name the stage of meiosis when synapsis occurs.

7. Name the stage of meiosis when homologous chromosomes come together to form tetrads.

8. How many chromatids are present in a tetrad?

9. How many tetrads will be formed during meiosis of animal and plant cells?

  1. 23;
  2. 46;
  3. 1N;
  4. 2N;
  5. depends on the stage of the cell cycle

10. How will the process of meiosis affect the number of chromosomes in the newly formed nuclei?

  1. daughter nuclei will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  2. daughter nuclei will have one-half as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  3. daughter nuclei will have the same number and same kinds of chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  4. depends on the type of cell

11. How many chromosomes are present in a human lung cell?

12. How many different kinds of chromosomes are present in a human lung cell?

13. How many chromosomes are present in a human sex cell?

14. How many different kinds of chromosomes are present in a human sex cell?

15. Name two kinds of gametes (= sex cells).

16. How many genes are present on a chromosome?

  1. 23;
  2. 46;
  3. 75,000;
  4. depends on the size of the chromosome

17. A gene carries information for the manufacture of:

  1. a protein;
  2. amino acids;
  3. a carbohydrate molecule;
  4. a lipid molecule

18. Alleles are _?_ that influence the same characteristic.

  1. chromosomes;
  2. genes;
  3. proteins;
  4. cells

19. What is the name of the longest chromosome present in a normal human cell?

20. How many alleles are present in this room for blood type?

21. What is the phenotype of a person who has allele B and allele O for blood type?

22. What is the genotype of a person with Type O blood?

23. With respect to blood type alleles, how many different kinds of gametes can be formed by a person with Type O blood?

24. A female with Type AB blood and a male with Type O blood have several offspring. What percentage of these offspring will probably have Type A blood?

25. A female with Type B blood, and who is homozygous, and a male who has Type O blood have several offspring. Will any of their offspring probably have Type O blood?

26. Can a female with Type A blood and a male with Type B blood have any offspring with Type O blood?

27. Could a male with Type AB blood possibly be the father of a child who has type B blood and whose mother has Type A blood?

28. With reference to Question 27, can blood typing tell us, with 100% accuracy, who is the father of the child?

29. With respect to sex chromosomes, what is the genotype of a human male?

30. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. A female with hemophilia and a normal male have several offspring. What percentage of their male children will probably have hemophilia?

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31. What are the “building blocks” of protein molecules?

32. During the process of “transcription” a molecule called _?_ is manufactured.

33. Where in a cell are all molecules of RNA manufactured?

  1. from RNA in chromosomes;
  2. from DNA in chromosomes;
  3. ribosomes;
  4. in lysosomes

34. What is the function of messenger-RNA (= mRNA) ?

  1. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. depends on the stage of the cell cycle that has just been completed

35. What is the function of ribosomal-RNA (= rRNA) ?

  1. A. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. B. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. C. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. D. depends on the stage of the cell cycle that is next

36. What is the function of transfer-RNA (= tRNA) ?

  1. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. depends on the stage of the cell cycle when meiosis will be conducted

37. Approximately how many amino acids are present in a molecule of transfer-RNA ?

38. How many nucleotides are present in an “anticodon” ?

39. Name the molecule which has an “anticodon.”

40. How many nucleotides are present in a “codon” ?

41. Name the molecule in which a “codon” is present.

42-50. Strand A of a DNA molecule has the following sequence of nucleotides:

T-A-T-G-G-C-T-A-A-C-G-G-A-G-A

The following tRNA molecules (identified by their anticodon) and amino acids are present:

tRNA Amino Acid transported

A A U 1

A G A 2

G A G 3

G G C 4

C C G 5

U A A 6

U A U 7

A U U 8

A U A 9

C G G 10

G C C 11

U C U 12

42. How many nucleotides are present in strand A of the DNA molecule?

43. How many nucleotides will be present in the messenger-RNA molecule that is formed from strand A of the DNA molecule?

44. Name the nitrogen base that will be present in the second nucleotide of the mRNA that forms from strand A of the DNA molecule?

45. How many amino acids will be present in the protein molecule formed using the information in Strand A of the DNA molecule?

46. List in correct sequence (i.e., give the primary structure) the amino acids that will be present in a protein formed using the information in strand A of the DNA molecule shown above.

47. How many nucleotides are present in strand B of the DNA molecule?

48. How many nucleotides will be present in the messenger-RNA molecule that is formed from strand B of the DNA molecule?

49. List in correct sequence (i.e., give the primary structure) the amino acids that will be present in a protein formed using the information in strand B of the DNA molecule whose strand A is shown above.

50. How many different kinds of protein molecules can be formed using the information in strand A of the DNA molecule shown above?

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