BIOLOGY 110 FINAL EXAM - FALL 1998

1. True or False Spontaneous generation has never occurred on Planet Earth.

2. How many membranes are present in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

3. Which of the following typically occurs in mitochondria?

  1. photosynthesis;
  2. cellular respiration;
  3. manufacture of Golgi complex;
  4. manufacture of nuclear membrane

4. True or False The process of cellular respiration manufactures energy which is then stored in chemical molecules.

5. Name the cell part that produces new mitochondria.

6. Which type of cell usually has larger vacuoles?

  1. plant;
  2. animal;
  3. plant and animal cells have vacuoles of the same size

7. Name the cell organelle on which protein molecules are manufactured.

8. Which of the following is composed of membranes?

  1. Golgi complex;
  2. mitochondria;
  3. endoplasmic reticulum;
  4. nuclear envelope;
  5. all of these are composed of membranes

9. True or False All normal living cells contain ribosomes.

10. Name the molecule that is the primary product of cellular respiration.

11. True or False Photosynthesis manufactures energy and stores this energy in molecules of carbohydrates.

12. According to the principle of diffusion, molecules will move:

  1. from one corner of the room to the other corner;
  2. from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration;
  3. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration;
  4. through a permeable membrane

13. A cell contains 99% water. The cell is placed into solution A that contains 97% water and 3% salt. Solution A is best described as being _?_ to the cell.

  1. isotonic;
  2. hypertonic;
  3. hypotonic

14. Which type of fat is more likely to cause problems if eaten in large amounts by humans?

  1. saturated;
  2. unsaturated;
  3. both are equally likely to cause harm

15. How many different kinds of amino acids were used to construct the proteins in your cells?

  1. 20;
  2. probably four;
  3. thousands;
  4. none, since proteins are not composed of amino acids

16. The primary function of photosynthesis is to:

  1. manufacture energy;
  2. destroy energy;
  3. store energy in ATP;
  4. store energy in carbohydrates

17. The primary function of cellular respiration is to store energy in molecules of _?_

18. True or False All electrons contain the same amount of energy.

19. How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of glucose?

20. True or False The end product of photosynthesis is the starting material for cellular respiration.

21. True or False Plants could continue living indefinitely on Planet Earth if no animals were present.

22. True or False Humans could not continue living very long on Planet Earth if photosynthesis stopped.

23. Name a gas released as a by-product of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

24-25. Name two kinds of molecules that are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis; the function of these molecules is to temporarily store energy.

26. When chlorophyll P680 absorbs sunlight, what subatomic particle actually has a change in energy content?

27. When chlorophyll P680 loses an electron, from what ATOM does the chlorophyll receive a replacement electron?

28. Name the molecule that is taken from the air and provides the carbon for the production of carbohydrates during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.

29. Chlorophyll appears to be green because it _?_ green wave lengths of light.

  1. absorbs;
  2. reflects;
  3. transmits;
  4. manufactures

30. The production of molecules of adenosine triphosphate is usually limited in living cells by a shortage of:

  1. ADP;
  2. phosphate;
  3. enzymes;
  4. energy

31. If a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized during aerobic respiration, how many molecules of carbon dioxide will be produced?

32. True or False Each carbon atom on Planet Earth contains 6 (and only 6: no more, no less) protons.

33. From the perspective of a biologist, the best one word definition of the term “evolution” is:

  1. death;
  2. survival;
  3. success;
  4. change;
  5. reproduction

34. The best indicator of biological success by an organism is:

  1. size of the organism;
  2. color of the organism;
  3. number of mates;
  4. number of offspring produced;
  5. length of life

35. How many atoms are present in two molecules of water?

36. The mass number of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons present to the number of _?_ present.

37. What is the maximum number of electrons the first shell of an atom can hold?

38. How many electrons are present in the second shell of an oxygen atom that has not reacted with other atoms?

39. Three atoms have atomic numbers of 2, 9, and 10. Which of the three will be most reactive?

40. Electrons in which of the following shells would have the greatest amount of energy?

  1. shell 1;
  2. shell 2;
  3. shell 3;
  4. all have equal amounts of energy

41. Name the element that is composed of the smallest atoms known to exist in nature?

42. Fluorine has an atomic number = 9. True or False: every atom of fluorine contains 9 protons.

43. Why does Pitts not have hair whose natural color is green?

  1. he has no hair;
  2. hair color is not determined genetically;
  3. there is no advantage for having green hair;
  4. he does not have the enzyme systems for constructing green pigments.

44. Compare the strength of an acid fog with a pH = 1.0 to normal rainwater with pH = 5.

  1. the fog is 5 times more acid than rainwater;
  2. the fog is 1/5 as acidic as rainwater;
  3. the fog is 40 times more acid than rainwater;
  4. the fog is 10,000 times more acid than the rainwater

45. The UTM pond (by the jogging trail) is 3 meters deep at its deepest point. Is this pond likely to freeze solid (all the way from the top to the bottom)?

  1. no, because ice floats and is a good insulator;
  2. no, because students frequently swim in the pond and release heat into the water;
  3. yes, because the pond is so shallow;
  4. yes, because once ice forms it will cause a chain reaction and cool the remainder of the water.

46. Which of these is the strongest chemical bond?

  1. ionic;
  2. covalent;
  3. hydrogen;
  4. all chemical bonds have equal strength

47. How will the process of mitosis affect the number of chromosomes in the newly formed nuclei?

  1. daughter nuclei will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  2. daughter nuclei will have one-half as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  3. daughter nuclei will have the same number and same kinds of chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  4. depends on the type of cell

48. Name the stage of meiosis when synapsis occurs.

49. How will the process of meiosis affect the number of chromosomes in the newly formed nuclei?

  1. daughter nuclei will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  2. daughter nuclei will have one-half as many chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  3. daughter nuclei will have the same number and same kinds of chromosomes as the parent nucleus;
  4. D. depends on the type of cell

50. How many chromosomes are present in a human sex cell?

51. How many different kinds of chromosomes are present in a human sex cell?

52. What is the phenotype of a person who has allele B and allele O for blood type?

53. What is the genotype of a person with Type O blood?

54. With respect to blood type alleles, how many different kinds of gametes can be formed by a person with Type O blood?

55. A female with Type AB blood and a male with Type O blood have several offspring. What percentage of these offspring will probably have Type A blood?

56. With respect to sex chromosomes, what is the genotype of a human female?

57. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. A female with hemophilia and a normal male have several offspring. What percentage of their female children will probably have hemophilia?

58. What are the “building blocks” of protein molecules?

59. During the process of “translation” a molecule called _?_ is manufactured.

60. What is the function of messenger-RNA (= mRNA) ?

  1. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. depends on the stage of the cell cycle that has just been completed

61. What is the function of ribosomal-RNA (= rRNA) ?

  1. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. depends on the stage of the cell cycle that is next

62. What is the function of transfer-RNA (= tRNA) ?

  1. an “assembly machine” used to build proteins;
  2. a set of instructions on how to build a protein;
  3. delivers amino acids to ribosomes so that the amino acids can be used to manufacture a protein;
  4. depends on the stage of the cell cycle when meiosis will be conducted

63. Approximately how many amino acids are present in a molecule of transfer-RNA ?

64. How many nucleotides are present in an “anticodon” ?

65. Name the molecule which has an “anticodon.”

66. How many nucleotides are present in a “codon” ?

67. Name the molecule in which a “codon” is present.

68-75. Strand A of a DNA molecule has the following sequence of nucleotides:

A-A-T-G-G-C-T-A-A-C-G-G-A-G-A

The following tRNA molecules (identified by their anticodon) and amino acids are present:

tRNA Amino Acid transported

A A U 1

A G A 2

G A G 3

G G C 4

C C G 5

U A A 6

U U A 7

A U U 8

A U A 9

C G G 10

A A C 11

G C C 12

U C U 13

68. How many nucleotides are present in strand A of the DNA molecule?

69. How many nucleotides will be present in the messenger-RNA molecule that is formed from strand A of the DNA molecule?

70. How many amino acids will be present in the protein molecule formed using the information in Strand A of the DNA molecule?

71. List in correct sequence (i.e., give the primary structure) the amino acids that will be present in a protein formed using the information in strand A of the DNA molecule shown above.

72. How many nucleotides are present in strand B of the DNA molecule?

73. How many nucleotides will be present in the messenger-RNA molecule that is formed from strand B of the DNA molecule?

74. List in correct sequence (i.e., give the primary structure) the amino acids that will be present in a protein formed using the information in strand B of the DNA molecule whose strand A is shown above.

75. A mutation occurs in Strand A of the DNA molecule shown above. A nucleotide with the nitrogen base cytosine is substituted for the third nucleotide in Strand A of the DNA molecule. List in correct sequence the amino acids that will be present in a protein formed using the information in the mutated DNA Strand A.

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