A POSTERIORI A Priori and A Posteriori (October/18/2003) A PRIORI A Priori and A Posteriori (October/18/2003) Naturalism (August/26/2002) ABELARD Abelard, Peter (October/14/2007) ABHINAVAGUPTA Kashmiri Shaiva Philosophy (December/13/2005) ACADEMIC Cicero (April/24/2001) ACADEMIC SKEPTICISM Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) ACADEMY Academy (April/9/2001) Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) ACCIDENTAL TRUTHS Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) ACCIDENTALLY TRUE GENERALIZATIONS Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) ACRAGAS Empedocles (July/2/2004) ACTION Davidson, Donald (March/15/2006) ACTIVE Active Powers (April/9/2001) AD ABSURDUM Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) ADORNO Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) ADVAITA Bhedābheda Vedānta (August/12/2006) AENESIDEMUS Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) AESTHETIC Aesthetics (January/9/2003) Art and Epistemology (January/10/2003) AESTHETICS Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) Aesthetics (January/9/2003) Art and Epistemology (January/10/2003) Art, Ethical Criticism of (April/4/2004) Fiction, Paradox of (January/24/2002) Humor (April/20/2006) Kant, Immanuel -- b. Aesthetics (April/24/2001) Music, Popular (June/28/2008) AGAMBEN Agamben (October/10/2005) AL-SIJISTANI Sijistani, al- (October/14/2004) ALEXANDER POLYHISTOR Alexander Polyhistor (May/10/2001) AMERICAN Peirce, Charles Sanders -- a. Overview (January/19/2004) Wright, Chauncey (May/27/2007) AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Dewey, John (April/25/2001) Emerson, Ralph Waldo (July/24/2003) Mead, George Herbert (April/20/2001) ANALECTS Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) ANALOGIES Models (April/21/2006) ANALOGY Models (April/21/2006) ANALYTIC Concepts, The Classical Theory of (October/14/2005) Language, Philosophy of (September/8/2006) ANARCHO-CAPITALISM Libertarianism (March/26/2008) ANCIENT Minucius Felix (September/30/2007) Plato -- a. Overview (April/21/2005) Stoicism -- a. Overview (October/24/2004) Theaetetus, Plato's (July/30/2005) ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY Anaximander (September/10/2001) Anaximenes (February/10/2002) Empedocles (July/2/2004) Heraclitus (February/10/2002) Metrocles (June/29/2004) Neoplatonism (October/26/2002) Protagoras (February/2/2002) Thrasymachus (September/29/2004) ANCIENT GREEK SKEPTICISM Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) ANCIENT MEDICINE Galen (August/12/2002) Hippocrates (February/25/2002) ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Anaximenes (February/10/2002) Aristippus (April/11/2001) Cicero (April/24/2001) Critias (April/12/2001) Epicurus (April/13/2001) Galen (August/12/2002) Gregory of Nyssa (December/2/2006) Heraclitus (February/10/2002) Hippocrates (February/25/2002) Marcus Aurelius (August/23/2002) Plato -- b. Political Philosophy (October/3/2003) Plotinus (April/21/2001) Protagoras (February/2/2002) ANIMAL RIGHTS Animals and Ethics (October/23/2001) ANIMALS Animals and Ethics (October/23/2001) ANOMALISM Mental Causation (February/10/2007) ANOMALOUS MONISM Mind and Anomalous Monism (June/5/2005) ANTI-REALISM Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Moral Realism (May/24/2006) ANTI-TRADITIONAL Modern Chinese Philosophy (July/12/2007) ANTINOMIES Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) ANTINOMY Paradox, Russell-Myhill (September/18/2003) ANTIOCHUS Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) ANTIREALISM Moral Realism (May/24/2006) APEIRON Anaximander (September/10/2001) APOCATASTASIS Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) APOKATASTASIS Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) APORIA Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) APPLIED ETHICS Capital Punishment (April/12/2001) Ethics (June/29/2003) APRIOI Naturalism (August/26/2002) APRIORI Transcendental Arguments (July/13/2006) AQUINAS Aquinas -- a. Overview (April/9/2001) Aquinas -- b. Ethics (May/23/2006) ARCESILAUS Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) ARCHITECTONIC Peirce, Charles Sanders -- b. Architectonic Philosophy (January/18/2004) AREOPAGITE Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) ARGUMENT Argument (January/27/2003) Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) Logical Consequence -- a. Philosophical Considerations (June/14/2004) ARISTIPPUS Aristippus (April/11/2001) Cyrenaics (April/12/2001) ARISTOTLE Aristotle -- a. Overview (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- b. Biology (October/2/2004) Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- d. Metaphysics (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- e. Motion and its Place in Nature (December/16/2005) Aristotle -- f. Poetics (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- g. Politics (February/10/2004) Peripatetics (April/21/2001) Plato -- a. Overview (April/21/2005) Theophrastus (September/12/2004) ARMSTRONG Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) ART Aesthetics (January/9/2003) Art and Epistemology (January/10/2003) Art, Ethical Criticism of (April/4/2004) ARTHA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) ASTROLOGY Astrology, Hellenistic (March/27/2005) ASTRONOMY Anaximander (September/10/2001) ATHEISM Kierkegaard, Soren (October/22/2002) ATOMISM Democritus (April/25/2001) Leucippus (April/17/2001) AUGUSTINE Augustine (June/6/2005) AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHY Mitchell, William (June/15/2004) AUTONOMY Responsibility (July/19/2006) AVERROES Ibn Rushd (January/14/2004) BAKHTIN Bakhtin Circle (April/11/2001) BARWISE Paradox, Liar (April/21/2001) BASILIDES Gnosticism (June/3/2001) BAYES Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) BAYESIAN Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) Evidence (December/30/2007) BEATTIE Beattie, James (April/3/2007) BEAUTY Aesthetics (January/9/2003) BEAUVOIR Beauvoir, Simone de (January/22/2003) BEHAVIORISM Behaviorism (June/18/2002) BEING Aristotle -- d. Metaphysics (April/11/2001) Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Sartre, Jean-Paul -- a. Existentialism (October/13/2004) BEING-WITH Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) BELIEF Religious Epistemology (October/2/2004) BENTHAM Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) Mill, John Stuart -- a. Overview (October/24/2006) BERNARD LONERGAN Lonergan, Bernard (July/29/2003) BHAGAVAD GITA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) BHAKTI Rāmānuja (April/30/2004) BIOLOGY Aristotle -- b. Biology (October/2/2004) BLACKBURN Moral Realism (May/24/2006) BLONDEL Blondel, Maurice (April/12/2001) BLOUNT Deism, English (April/25/2001) BODHICITTA Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) BONJOUR Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) BOUNDLESS Anaximander (September/10/2001) BRAHMA SUTRA Advaita Vedānta (January/5/2007) BRAHMAN Advaita Vedānta (January/5/2007) BRAIN Consciousness (October/11/2005) BRATMAN Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) BRITISH EMPIRICISM Berkeley, George (April/4/2004) BRITISH IDEALISM Caird, Edward (April/12/2001) BUDDHA Pudgalavāda Buddhist Philosophy (June/24/2005) BUDDHISM Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) Huineng (Hui-neng) (June/15/2006) Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) Xuanzang (August/30/2004) BUDDHIST Pudgalavāda Buddhist Philosophy (June/24/2005) BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY Nagarjuna (May/21/2003) Vasubandhu (August/28/2004) BUTLER Butler, Joseph (April/12/2001) Foucault and Feminism (February/14/2003) CALVINISM Calvin, John (April/17/2001) CAMBRIDGE PLATONISTS Cudworth, Ralph (April/12/2001) CAMPBELL Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Beccaria, Cesare (April/11/2001) Capital Punishment (April/12/2001) CAPITALISM Smith, Adam (March/20/2008) CARL SCHMITT Donoso Cortés, Juan (April/25/2001) CARNAP Carnap, Rudolf (April/12/2001) Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) CARNEADES Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) CARTESIAN Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) CARTESIAN DUALISM Consciousness (October/11/2005) CATEGORICAL LOGIC Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) CATHOLIC Donoso Cortés, Juan (April/25/2001) CAUSALITY Time Travel (September/17/2004) CAUSATION Hippocrates (February/25/2002) Time Travel (September/17/2004) CAUSE Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) CERTAINTY Skepticism, Contemporary (October/15/2004) CESARE BECCARIA Beccaria, Cesare (April/11/2001) CHAN Huineng (Hui-neng) (June/15/2006) CHANCE Moral Luck (April/20/2001) CHERBURY Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (April/16/2001) CHINESE Liezi (Lieh-tzu) (June/13/2008) Modern Chinese Philosophy (July/12/2007) Mozi (Mo-tzu) (November/07/2007) Zhong Hui (June/16/2007) CHINESE PHILOSOPHERS Zhu Xi (May/22/2007) CHINESE PHILOSOPHY Confucian Philosophy -- b. Confucius (November/12/2003) Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) Laozi (Lao-tzu) (August/13/2003) Mencius (Mengzi) (November/12/2003) Xuanzang (August/30/2004) Xunzi (August/30/2004) Yang Xiong (October/10/2005) CHRISTIAN Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) CHRISTIANITY Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (April/12/2001) Butler, Joseph (April/12/2001) Kierkegaard, Soren (October/22/2002) Luther, Martin (April/17/2001) Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) CHRYSIPPUS Chrysippus (April/12/2001) CHUANG-TZU Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) Zhuangzi (September/3/2004) CICERO Eclecticism (April/13/2001) Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) CLASS Paradox, Russell-Myhill (September/18/2003) CLAUDE ADRIEN HELVETIUS Helvetius, Claude Adrien (April/16/2001) CLEANTHES Cleanthes (April/12/2001) COGNITIVE Cognitive Relativism (May/24/2006) COGNITIVE SCIENCE Embodied Cognition (January/21/2004) Mitchell, William (June/15/2004) COHERENCE Coherentism (October/15/2006) Truth (September/17/2004) COHERENTISM Coherentism (October/15/2006) Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) COINCIDENCE Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) COLLECTIVE INTENTIONALITY Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) COLLINS Deism, English (April/25/2001) COMMODITY Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) COMMON SENSE Hamilton, William (April/16/2001) Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (April/16/2001) COMPARATIVE Comparative Philosophy (July/23/2005) Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (October/12/2006) CONANT Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) CONCEPTS Concepts, The Classical Theory of (October/14/2005) CONCEPTUAL ROLE Conceptual Role Semantics (December/10/2006) CONCLUSION Argument (January/27/2003) CONDITIONAL Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) CONDITIONING Behaviorism (June/18/2002) CONFESSIONS Augustine (June/6/2005) CONFIRMATION Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) CONFUCIAN Zhu Xi (May/22/2007) CONFUCIAN PHILOSOPHY Ge Hong (November/14/2003) Zhang Zai (September/3/2004) CONFUCIANISM Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) CONFUCIUS Dai Zhen (May/28/2006) Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) Neo-Confucian Philosophy (July/22/2005) Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) Wang Yangming (Wang Shou-Jen) (July/30/2005) Xunzi (August/30/2004) Yang Xiong (October/10/2005) CONNECTIVE Propositional Logic (March/30/2004) CONSCIOUSNESS Consciousness, Higher-Order Theories of (August/13/2005) CONSEQUENCE Logical Consequence -- c. Model-Theoretic Conceptions (June/16/2004) CONSEQUENTIALIST Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) CONSERVATIVE Donoso Cortés, Juan (April/25/2001) CONSTANTS Logical Consequence -- a. Philosophical Considerations (June/14/2004) CONTEXTUALISM Contextualism in Epistemology (December/4/2003) Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Blondel, Maurice (April/12/2001) Literary Theory (June/27/2002) Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) CONTINGENCY Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) Truth (September/17/2004) CONTRADICTION Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) CONTRADICTORY Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) CONTRARY Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) COOPER Shaftesbury, Earl of (October/14/2004) CORRESPONDENCE Truth (September/17/2004) CORRESPONDENCE THEORY OF TRUTH Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) COSMIC Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) CRITICAL THEORY Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) CULTURE Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) CYNIC Antisthenes (January/4/2006) CYNICISM Antisthenes (January/4/2006) Demonax (April/25/2001) Hipparchia (June/29/2004) Metrocles (June/29/2004) CYNICS Antisthenes (January/4/2006) Menippus (April/20/2001) CYRENAICS Aristippus (April/11/2001) Cyrenaics (April/12/2001) DAMON Damon (April/25/2001) DAO Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) DAODEJING Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) DAOISM Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) Wang Bi (Wang Pi) (May/1/2005) Yang Xiong (October/10/2005) DAOIST Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) DAOIST PHILOSOPHY Ge Hong (November/14/2003) Laozi (Lao-tzu) (August/13/2003) DARSANAS Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) DARWIN Evolution (April/14/2001) Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) DASEIN Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) DAVID HUME Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) DAVIDSON Events (November/11/2005) Mind and Anomalous Monism (June/5/2005) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) DE PRINCIPIIS Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) DECONSTRUCTION Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) DEDUCTION Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) Explanation, Theories of (April/16/2001) Logical Consequence -- a. Philosophical Considerations (June/14/2004) Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) Validity and Soundness (August/27/2004) DEDUCTIVE Validity and Soundness (August/27/2004) DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) DEDUCTIVE REASONING Evidence (December/30/2007) DEDUCTIVE SYSTEMS Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) DEFLATIONARY Truth (September/17/2004) DEISM Deism, English (April/25/2001) Deism, French (April/25/2001) Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (April/16/2001) Locke, John -- a. Overview (April/17/2001) Warburton, William (August/30/2004) DELEUZE Deleuze, Gilles (June/2/2002) DEMOCRITUS Anaxarchus (January/9/2006) Democritus (April/25/2001) Leucippus (April/17/2001) DEMONAX Demonax (April/25/2001) DENNETT Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) DERRIDA Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) DESCARTES Descartes, René (August/15/2001) Dualism and Mind (June/9/2005) Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) DESCRIPTION Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) DESIGN ARGUMENT Design Arguments for the Existence of God (December/23/2003) DESIRE Lacan, Jacques (November/7/2002) DETERMINED Supervenience and Determination (May/28/2006) DETERMINISM Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) DEWEY American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Dewey, John (April/25/2001) Hegelians, St. Louis (April/16/2001) Pragmatism (December/15/2006) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) DHARMA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) DIALECTIC Blondel, Maurice (April/12/2001) DIDEROT Diderot, Denis (April/25/2001) Encyclopedists (April/13/2001) DIFFERANCE Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) DIFFERENCE Irigaray, Luce (January/22/2003) DIOGENES Antisthenes (January/4/2006) Diogenes of Apollonia (April/25/2001) DIOGENES LAERTIUS Alexander Polyhistor (May/10/2001) DIONYSIAN Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) DIRECT REALIST EMPIRICISM Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) DISCOURSES Epictetus (January/3/2003) DIVINE God and Time (April/30/2007) DIVINE COMMAND THEORY Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) DOOM Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) DRETSKE Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) DUALISM Consciousness (October/11/2005) Dualism and Mind (June/9/2005) Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) DUMMETT Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) DVAITA Bhedābheda Vedānta (August/12/2006) EARLIER MODERN PHILOSOPHY Spinoza, Benedict (May/16/2004) EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY Bacon, Francis (February/20/2003) Leibniz, Gottried Wilhelm -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) EAST-WEST Comparative Philosophy (July/23/2005) Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (October/12/2006) EASTERN Buddha (May/10/2008) Zhu Xi (May/22/2007) ECKHART Eckhart, Meister (April/13/2001) ECLECTICISM Astrology, Hellenistic (March/27/2005) Eclecticism (April/13/2001) ECONOMICS Law and Economics (February/20/2003) EGOISM Egoism (August/7/2005) EINSTEIN Time Travel (September/17/2004) ELEATIC Parmenides (April/21/2001) Xenophanes (August/30/2004) Zeno of Elea (September/3/2004) EMANATION Emanation (April/13/2001) EMERSON Emerson, Ralph Waldo (July/24/2003) EMPEDOCLES Empedocles (July/2/2004) EMPIRICAL SCIENCE Naturalism (August/26/2002) EMPIRICISM Bacon, Francis (February/20/2003) Berlin Circle (April/11/2001) Deleuze, Gilles (June/2/2002) Explanation, Theories of (April/16/2001) Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) Locke, John -- a. Overview (April/17/2001) Mill, John Stuart -- a. Overview (October/24/2006) ENCYCLOPEDIA Aristippus (April/11/2001) Deism, French (April/25/2001) ENCYCLOPEDISTS Encyclopedists (April/13/2001) ENGLISH IDEALISM Caird, Edward (April/12/2001) Ferrier, James Frederick (April/16/2001) Hodgson, Shadworth (April/16/2001) Stirling, James Hutchison (October/24/2004) ENLIGHTENMENT Encyclopedists (April/13/2001) Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (October/21/2005) ENTAILMENT Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) ENTELECHIA Aristotle -- e. Motion and its Place in Nature (December/16/2005) ENTHUSIASM Shaftesbury, Earl of (October/14/2004) ENVIRONMENT Environmental Ethics (April/23/2007) EPICTETUS Epictetus (January/3/2003) EPICUREANISM Eclecticism (April/13/2001) Lucretius (January/28/2002) EPICURUS Epicurus (April/13/2001) EPIPHENOMENALISM Epiphenomenalism (March/31/2007) Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism (November/14/2005) Mental Causation (February/10/2007) EPISTEMIC LOGIC KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) EPISTEMOLOGY A Priori and A Posteriori (October/18/2003) Art and Epistemology (January/10/2003) Coherentism (October/15/2006) Contextualism in Epistemology (December/4/2003) Descartes, René (August/15/2001) Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) Epistemology (June/16/2007) Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) Ethnoepistemology (June/27/2005) Evidentialism (September/6/2004) Fallibilism (October/10/2005) Feminist Epistemology (October/31/2004) Gettier Problems (August/19/2005) Hempel, Carl Gustav (April/16/2001) Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology (April/26/2008) KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism (November/14/2005) Knowledge of Language (November/25/2007) Moral Epistemology (March/28/2005) Naturalistic Epistemology (August/13/2003) Nihilism (April/23/2001) Sense-Data (June/6/2007) Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004) Skepticism, Contemporary (October/15/2004) Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds (October/24/2004) Vienna Circle (August/28/2004) EPISTEMOLOGY NATURALIZED Naturalism (August/26/2002) EPSILON CALCULI Epsilon Calculi (April/14/2001) ERASMUS Humanism (April/16/2001) ETCHEMENDY Paradox, Liar (April/21/2001) ETHICS Abortion (June/18/2008) Animals and Ethics (October/23/2001) Aquinas -- b. Ethics (May/23/2006) Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (April/12/2001) Collective Moral Responsibility (July/6/2004) Consequentialism (March/24/2006) Doxastic Voluntarism (February/4/2008) Environmental Ethics (April/23/2007) Ethics (June/29/2003) Ethics and Phenomenology (January/9/2004) Ethics and Self-Deception (June/14/2007) Evolutionary Ethics (January/23/2002) Human Rights (January/10/2003) Lonergan, Bernard (July/29/2003) Love, Philosophy of (April/17/2001) Moral Character (February/12/2007) Moral Development (July/2/2004) Moral Egalitarianism (January/7/2008) Moral Luck (April/20/2001) Moral Realism (May/24/2006) Natural Law (April/20/2001) Nihilism (April/23/2001) Political Obligation (June/16/2007) Praise and Blame (July/1/2004) Responsibility (July/19/2006) Stoicism -- c. Ethics (October/24/2004) Synderesis (October/27/2004) Virtue Ethics (August/28/2004) ETHNOCENTRICISM Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) ETHNOCENTRISM Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) ETHNOEPISTEMOLOGY Ethnoepistemology (June/27/2005) EUCLIDES Euclides (April/14/2001) EUDORUS Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) EUTHYPHRO Divine Command Theory (August/21/2006) EVENTS Events (November/11/2005) EVIDENCE Argument (January/27/2003) Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) EVIDENTIALISM Evidentialism (September/6/2004) Religious Epistemology (October/2/2004) EVIL Evil, Evidential Problem of (March/31/2005) Evil, Logical Problem of (August/17/2003) EVOLUTION Caird, Edward (April/12/2001) Evolution (April/14/2001) Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) Evolutionary Ethics (January/23/2002) Huxley, Thomas Henry (April/16/2001) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) Spencer, Herbert (October/22/2004) EXISTENTIAL IMPORT Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) EXISTENTIALISM Beauvoir, Simone de (January/22/2003) Beauvoir, Simone de (January/22/2003) Camus, Albert (March/21/2005) Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Kierkegaard, Soren (October/22/2002) Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (October/23/2001) Sartre, Jean-Paul -- a. Existentialism (October/13/2004) EXPLANATION Argument (January/27/2003) Evidence (December/30/2007) Explanation, Theories of (April/16/2001) Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) EXTENSIVE ABSTRACTION Whitehead, Alfred North (May/8/2007) EXTERNAL WORLD Brain-in-a-Vat Argument (October/22/2005) Skepticism, Contemporary (October/15/2004) EXTERNALISM Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) Mental Causation (February/10/2007) FAILURE Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) FAITH Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) Faith and Reason (April/28/2001) FALLACIES Fallacies (March/27/2003) FALLACY Fallacies (March/27/2003) FALLIBILISM Fallibilism (October/10/2005) FALSE EXISTENTIAL Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) FASCISM Donoso Cortés, Juan (April/25/2001) FATALISM Astrology, Hellenistic (March/27/2005) FEMINISM Beauvoir, Simone de (January/22/2003) Feminist Epistemology (October/31/2004) Foucault and Feminism (February/14/2003) Irigaray, Luce (January/22/2003) Jurisprudence, Feminist (April/4/2004) FEMINIST Feminist Epistemology (October/31/2004) FETISHISM Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) FICHTE Fichte, Immanuel Hermann (April/16/2001) German Idealism (April/16/2001) Holderlin, J. C. F. (October/9/2004) FIDEISM Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) Religious Epistemology (October/2/2004) FLOWER GARLAND Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) FOUCAULT Cognitive Relativism (May/24/2006) Foucault and Feminism (February/14/2003) FOUNDATIONALISM Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) FOUR BOOKS Zhu Xi (May/22/2007) FRASER Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) FREE LOGIC Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) FREE WILL Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) Evil, Logical Problem of (August/17/2003) Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) Open Theism (June/13/2006) Voluntarism (August/28/2004) FREEDOM Foucault and Feminism (February/14/2003) FREEWILL Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) FREGE Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Frege and Language (June/4/2005) Frege, Gottlob (April/16/2001) Language, Philosophy of (September/8/2006) Paradox, Russell-Myhill (September/18/2003) FRENCH ENCYCLOPEDISTS Diderot, Denis (April/25/2001) FREUD Freud, Sigmund (April/16/2001) Lacan, Jacques (November/7/2002) FUTURE CONTINGENTS Truth (September/17/2004) GALEN Galen (August/12/2002) GAUNILO Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) GAUTHIER Social Contract Theory (October/15/2004) GENERAL RELATIVITY Time Travel (September/17/2004) GEORGE BERKELEY Berkeley, George (April/4/2004) GERAS Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) GERMAN IDEALISM Fichte, Immanuel Hermann (April/16/2001) Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (April/16/2001) German Idealism (April/16/2001) Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von (April/16/2001) Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (April/16/2001) Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (April/17/2001) Maimon, Solomon (March/22/2005) GERMAN PHILOSOPHY Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) Kant, Immanuel -- b. Aesthetics (April/24/2001) GETTIER Gettier Problems (August/19/2005) GILBERT Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) GLOBAL TRUTH PREDICATE Paradox, Liar (April/21/2001) GLOBALISATION Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) GNOSIS Gnosticism (June/3/2001) GNOSTICISM Gnosticism (June/3/2001) GOD Divine Command Theory (August/21/2006) Evil, Logical Problem of (August/17/2003) Kierkegaard, Soren (October/22/2002) Omniscience and Divine Foreknowledge (July/7/2006) Religious Epistemology (October/2/2004) GODEL Truth (September/17/2004) GODS Xenophanes (August/30/2004) GOETHE German Idealism (April/16/2001) GOLDEN LION Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) GOLDMAN Naturalistic Epistemology (August/13/2003) GOVERN Laws of Nature (April/17/2001) GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION Libertarianism (March/26/2008) GRANDFATHER PARADOX Time Travel (September/17/2004) GREEK Aristotle -- e. Motion and its Place in Nature (December/16/2005) Gorgias (June/15/2006) Plato -- a. Overview (April/21/2005) GREEK EDUCATION Sophists (October/22/2004) GREEK PHILOSOPHY Academy (April/9/2001) Aristotle -- a. Overview (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- d. Metaphysics (April/11/2001) Aristotle -- f. Poetics (April/11/2001) Astrology, Hellenistic (March/27/2005) Cyrenaics (April/12/2001) Diogenes Laertius (April/25/2001) Stoicism -- b. Philosophy of Mind (October/22/2002) Thrasymachus (September/29/2004) GREGORY OF NYSSA Gregory of Nyssa (December/2/2006) GROUNDLESS BELIEF Religious Epistemology (October/2/2004) GRUE PARADOX Evidence (December/30/2007) GUARANTEE Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) GUNGFU Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) GUO XIANG Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) HABERMAS Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) HABIT Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) HANDBOOK Epictetus (January/3/2003) HEDONISTIC CALCULUS Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) HEGEL German Idealism (April/16/2001) Hegel, G.W.F. -- Social and Political Thought (September/20/2001) Hegelians, St. Louis (April/16/2001) Kojève, Alexandre (November/2/2001) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) HEGELIANS Hegelians, St. Louis (April/16/2001) HEIDEGGER Holderlin, J. C. F. (October/9/2004) Kojève, Alexandre (November/2/2001) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY Astrology, Hellenistic (March/27/2005) Cicero (April/24/2001) Epictetus (January/3/2003) Marcus Aurelius (August/23/2002) Metrocles (June/29/2004) Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) Plotinus (April/21/2001) HEMPEL Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) Explanation, Theories of (April/16/2001) Hempel, Carl Gustav (April/16/2001) HERBART German Idealism (April/16/2001) HERBERT Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (April/16/2001) HERBERT OF CHERBURY Deism, English (April/25/2001) HERDER German Idealism (April/16/2001) HERMENEUTICS Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Ricoeur, Paul (August/4/2003) HINDU Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) HINDU PHILOSOPHY Bhartrihari (April/10/2004) Madhva (January/9/2004) Rāmānuja (April/30/2004) HINDUISM Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (October/12/2006) HINTIKKA KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) HIPPIAS Hippias (April/16/2001) HIPPOCRATIC OATH Hippocrates (February/25/2002) HISTORICISM Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) HISTORY Anaxagoras (June/16/2007) Joachim, H. H. (May/3/2008) HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) HOBBES Deism, English (April/25/2001) Social Contract Theory (October/15/2004) HOLDERLIN Holderlin, J. C. F. (October/9/2004) HOLISM Evidence (December/30/2007) HSUN TZU Xunzi (August/30/2004) HUMAN RIGHTS Human Rights (January/10/2003) HUMANISM Humanism (April/16/2001) HUME Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) Hume, David -- a. Life and Writings (August/27/2004) Hume, David -- b. Metaphysical and Epistemological Theories (August/29/2004) Hume, David -- c. Moral Theory (April/22/2001) Hume, David -- d. Writings on Religion (April/22/2001) Hume, David -- e. Essays, Moral, Political and Literary (April/22/2001) HUMOR Humor (April/20/2006) HUSSER Shpet, Gustav (October/14/2004) HUSSERL Husserl, Edmund (April/16/2001) Phenomenological Reduction (May/23/2006) Schutz, Alfred (October/13/2004) HUXLEY Huxley, Thomas Henry (April/16/2001) HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) HöLDERLIN Holderlin, J. C. F. (October/9/2004) IAMBLICHUS Neoplatonism (October/26/2002) IKHWāN AL-SAFā' Ikhwān al-Safā' (July/15/2004) IKHWAN AL-SAFA Ikhwān al-Safā' (July/15/2004) IMAGERY Imagery and Imagination (July/22/2005) IMAGINATION Imagery and Imagination (July/22/2005) IMMATERIALISM Santayana, George (July/4/2006) IMMORTALITY Fedorov, Nikolai Fedorovich (January/23/2002) Ge Hong (November/14/2003) INCONGRUITY Humor (April/20/2006) INCONSISTENCY Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) INDIAN Kashmiri Shaiva Philosophy (December/13/2005) INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Advaita Vedānta (January/5/2007) Bhartrihari (April/10/2004) Bhedābheda Vedānta (August/12/2006) Jain Philosophy (November/14/2003) Madhva (January/9/2004) Nagarjuna (May/21/2003) Rāmānuja (April/30/2004) Sānkhya (March/16/2006) Vasubandhu (August/28/2004) INDIGENOUS PHILOSOPHY Aztec Philosophy (March/20/2005) INDIRECT PROOF Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) INDRA'S NET Fazang (Fa-tsang) (June/13/2006) INDUCTION Bacon, Francis (February/20/2003) Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) INDUCTIVE Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS Deductive and Inductive Arguments (January/27/2003) INFERENCE Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) INFORMAL LOGIC Fallacies (March/27/2003) INNATE IDEAS Locke, John -- a. Overview (April/17/2001) Shaftesbury, Earl of (October/14/2004) INSTRUMENTALISM Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) INTENTIONAL CIRCLE Behaviorism (June/18/2002) INTENTIONALITY Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) INTERACTIONISM Mental Causation (February/10/2007) INTERNALISM Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) INTERVENTIONISM Interventionism (April/16/2001) INTUITIONISM Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Mill, John Stuart -- a. Overview (October/24/2006) INTUITIONIST LOGIC Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) INVISIBLE HAND Libertarianism (March/26/2008) Smith, Adam (March/20/2008) ISLAMIC NEOPLATONISM Sijistani, al- (October/14/2004) ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY Ibn Rushd (January/14/2004) Ikhwān al-Safā' (July/15/2004) Ismaili Philosophy (May/21/2003) Khusraw, Nasir (May/21/2003) Kirmani, Hamid al-Din al- (May/21/2003) Sijistani, al- (October/14/2004) Tusi, Nasir al-Din (September/12/2004) ISMAILI Ikhwān al-Safā' (July/15/2004) ITIHASAS Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) JACKSON Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism (November/14/2005) JACOBI Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (April/16/2001) JAIN PHILOSOPHY Jain Philosophy (November/14/2003) JAMES American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Pragmatism (December/15/2006) JAMES BEATTIE Beattie, James (April/3/2007) JAMES FREDERICK FERRIER Ferrier, James Frederick (April/16/2001) JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (April/16/2001) JOHN Locke, John -- a. Overview (April/17/2001) Mill, John Stuart -- a. Overview (October/24/2006) JOSEPH DE MAISTRE Donoso Cortés, Juan (April/25/2001) JUDGMENT Kant, Immanuel -- b. Aesthetics (April/24/2001) JUSTIFICATION Argument (January/27/2003) Coherentism (October/15/2006) Evidentialism (September/6/2004) Objectivity (September/6/2004) JñANA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) KAMA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) KANDA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) KANT German Idealism (April/16/2001) Transcendental Arguments (July/13/2006) KASHMIRI Kashmiri Shaiva Philosophy (December/13/2005) KIM Events (November/11/2005) KNOWLEDGE Evidentialism (September/6/2004) Gettier Problems (August/19/2005) KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) Naturalistic Epistemology (August/13/2003) Objectivity (September/6/2004) Omniscience and Divine Foreknowledge (July/7/2006) Skepticism, Contemporary (October/15/2004) Truth (September/17/2004) KOHLBERG Moral Development (July/2/2004) KOLMOGOROV Confirmation and Induction (March/24/2007) KORNER Transcendental Arguments (July/13/2006) KRIPKE Paradox, Liar (April/21/2001) KUHN Naturalistic Epistemology (August/13/2003) KUNG FU Daoist Philosophy (September/18/2003) KUO HSIANG Guo Xiang (March/9/2007) KöRNER Transcendental Arguments (July/13/2006) LACAN Irigaray, Luce (January/22/2003) Lacan, Jacques (November/7/2002) LAERTIUS Antisthenes (January/4/2006) LANGUAGE Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Epsilon Calculi (April/14/2001) Frege and Language (June/4/2005) Lacan, Jacques (November/7/2002) Religious Language (February/19/2007) LARRY HAUSER Chinese Room Argument (April/12/2001) LATE HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY Neoplatonism (October/26/2002) LAW Law, Philosophy of (April/17/2001) LEGAL Human Rights (January/10/2003) LEGAL PHILOSOPHY Law, Philosophy of (April/17/2001) Legal Positivism (April/17/2001) Natural Law (April/20/2001) LEGAL POSITIVISM Legal Positivism (April/17/2001) LEIBNIZ German Idealism (April/16/2001) Leibniz, Gottried Wilhelm -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) LESSING German Idealism (April/16/2001) LEUCIPPUS Democritus (April/25/2001) LEWIS American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Events (November/11/2005) Lewis, Clarence Irving (July/31/2002) LEWONTIN Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) LIAR Truth (September/17/2004) LIBERTARIAN Open Theism (June/13/2006) LIFE-WORLD Schutz, Alfred (October/13/2004) LINGUISTIC Truth (September/17/2004) LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY Bhartrihari (April/10/2004) LINGUISTICS Conceptual Role Semantics (December/10/2006) LITERARY THEORY Literary Theory (June/27/2002) LOCKE Deism, English (April/25/2001) Libertarianism (March/26/2008) Locke, John -- a. Overview (April/17/2001) Locke, John -- b. Political Philosophy (April/4/2005) Social Contract Theory (October/15/2004) Toleration (September/17/2004) LOGIC Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Epsilon Calculi (April/14/2001) Frege, Gottlob (April/16/2001) Logical Consequence -- a. Philosophical Considerations (June/14/2004) Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) Propositional Logic (March/30/2004) Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) Truth (September/17/2004) Validity and Soundness (August/27/2004) LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE Logical Consequence -- a. Philosophical Considerations (June/14/2004) Logical Consequence -- b. Deductive-Theoretic Conceptions (June/14/2004) LOGICAL FORM Square of Opposition (October/24/2004) Validity and Soundness (August/27/2004) LOGICAL POSITIVISM Berlin Circle (April/11/2001) Carnap, Rudolf (April/12/2001) Hempel, Carl Gustav (April/16/2001) Reichenbach, Hans (April/19/2001) LOGICAL PROBLEM OF EVIL Evil, Logical Problem of (August/17/2003) LOGICIAN Abelard, Peter (October/14/2007) LOMBARD Lombard, Peter (April/17/2001) LONERGAN Lonergan, Bernard (July/29/2003) LORENZ Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) LOTZE Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (April/17/2001) LOVE Love, Philosophy of (April/17/2001) LUCK Moral Luck (April/20/2001) LUMINOSITY KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) LUMINOUS KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) LYOTARD Lyotard, Jean-Francois (April/24/2002) MACKEY Evil, Logical Problem of (August/17/2003) MACKIE Moral Realism (May/24/2006) MAHAYANA BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY Vasubandhu (August/28/2004) MARCEL Ricoeur, Paul (August/4/2003) MARCION Gnosticism (June/3/2001) MARTIN LUTHER Calvin, John (April/17/2001) MARX Kojève, Alexandre (November/2/2001) MARXISM Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) MATERIALISM Consciousness (October/11/2005) MATHEMATICS Whitehead, Alfred North (May/8/2007) MCDOWELL Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) MCKINSEY Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) MEAD American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Mead, George Herbert (April/20/2001) MEAN Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) MEANING Language, Philosophy of (September/8/2006) MEDICINE Galen (August/12/2002) MEDIEVAL Aquinas -- c. Politics (December/28/2007) Free Will, Medieval Theories of (July/5/2007) Ibn Rushd (January/14/2004) Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) Scotus, John Duns (June/5/2007) MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY Aquinas -- a. Overview (April/9/2001) Lombard, Peter (April/17/2001) MEGAREAN Stilpo (October/24/2004) MEGARIANS Euclides (April/14/2001) MENCIUS Xunzi (August/30/2004) MENIPPUS Menippus (April/20/2001) MENTAL CAUSATION Epiphenomenalism (March/31/2007) Mental Causation (February/10/2007) MENTAL EPISODES Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) MEREOTOPOLOGY Whitehead, Alfred North (May/8/2007) MERLEAU-PONTY Ricoeur, Paul (August/4/2003) META-ETHICS Moral Epistemology (March/28/2005) METAETHICS Ethics (June/29/2003) METAPHOR Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) METAPHYSICS Animal Minds (June/19/2008) Aristotle -- d. Metaphysics (April/11/2001) Concepts (November/4/2007) Descartes, René (August/15/2001) Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Identity Theory (April/20/2001) Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) Transcendental Arguments (July/13/2006) Truth (September/17/2004) Voluntarism (August/28/2004) METEMPSYCHOSIS Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) MEYERSON Meyerson, Emile (December/4/2004) MICHAEL Dummett, Michael (August/15/2002) MIDDLE PLATONISM Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) Philo of Alexandria (April/24/2001) MILESIANS Anaximenes (February/10/2002) MILL Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) Mill, John Stuart -- a. Overview (October/24/2006) Toleration (September/17/2004) MIND Artificial Intelligence (June/8/2007) Autism (May/19/2008) Collective Intentionality (August/4/2004) Consciousness (October/11/2005) Consciousness, Higher-Order Theories of (August/13/2005) Davidson, Donald (March/15/2006) Dualism and Mind (June/9/2005) Functionalism (June/19/2008) Identity Theory (April/20/2001) Introspection (November/18/2005) Mental Causation (February/10/2007) Mind and Anomalous Monism (June/5/2005) Mitchell, William (June/15/2004) Multiple Realizability, Mind and (June/17/2008) Personal Identity (May/29/2006) Self-Consciousness (June/16/2007) MIND AND THE WORLD ORDER Lewis, Clarence Irving (July/31/2002) MODAL LOGIC KK (Knowing that one Knows) Principle (October/15/2006) Lewis, Clarence Irving (July/31/2002) MODEL Logical Consequence -- c. Model-Theoretic Conceptions (June/16/2004) Models (April/21/2006) MODELS Models (April/21/2006) MOKSA Hindu Philosophy (June/5/2005) MOLINA Open Theism (June/13/2006) MOLINISM Middle Knowledge (May/17/2004) Open Theism (June/13/2006) MONISM Spinoza, Benedict (May/16/2004) MOORE Supervenience and Determination (May/28/2006) MORAL Aquinas -- b. Ethics (May/23/2006) Human Rights (January/10/2003) Hume, David -- e. Essays, Moral, Political and Literary (April/22/2001) Moral Realism (May/24/2006) MORAL EPISTEMOLOGY Moral Epistemology (March/28/2005) MORAL PHILOSOPHY Ethics (June/29/2003) MORAL SENSE Butler, Joseph (April/12/2001) Shaftesbury, Earl of (October/14/2004) Shaftesbury, Earl of (October/14/2004) Smith, Adam (March/20/2008) MORAL SENTIMENTS Smith, Adam (March/20/2008) MORAL THEORY Hume, David -- c. Moral Theory (April/22/2001) MORALITY Aquinas -- b. Ethics (May/23/2006) Moral Development (July/2/2004) Moral Realism (May/24/2006) Responsibility (July/19/2006) MORALS Moral Character (February/12/2007) Moral Development (July/2/2004) MOTION Aristotle -- e. Motion and its Place in Nature (December/16/2005) MUNZ Evolutionary Epistemology (September/8/2006) MYHILL Paradox, Russell-Myhill (September/18/2003) MYSTERY SCHOOLS Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) MYSTICISM Eckhart, Meister (April/13/2001) Ismaili Philosophy (May/21/2003) Khusraw, Nasir (May/21/2003) Kirmani, Hamid al-Din al- (May/21/2003) Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) Sijistani, al- (October/14/2004) Tusi, Nasir al-Din (September/12/2004) MYTH OF JONES Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) MYTH OF THE GIVEN Sellars' Philosophy of Mind (October/18/2006) NAGEL Moral Luck (April/20/2001) NAMES Epsilon Calculi (April/14/2001) NANCY Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) NARRATIVE Ricoeur, Paul (August/4/2003) NATURAL RIGHTS Libertarianism (March/26/2008) NATURALISM Naturalism (August/26/2002) Supervenience and Determination (May/28/2006) NATURE Aristotle -- e. Motion and its Place in Nature (December/16/2005) Environmental Ethics (April/23/2007) NEO-CONFUCIANISM Neo-Confucian Philosophy (July/22/2005) Wang Yangming (Wang Shou-Jen) (July/30/2005) NEO-CONFUSION Zhu Xi (May/22/2007) NEO-PLATONISM Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) NEO-PYTHAGOREANISM Alexander Polyhistor (May/10/2001) NEOPLATONISM Eclecticism (April/13/2001) Neoplatonism (October/26/2002) Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) Plotinus (April/21/2001) Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (June/25/2001) NEOPYTHAGOREAN Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) NEOSTOICISM Lipsius, Justus (August/23/2002) Neostoicism (August/23/2002) NEW ACADEMY Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) NIETZCHE Emerson, Ralph Waldo (July/24/2003) NIETZSCHE Adorno, Theodor (March/9/2003) NIHILISM Nihilism (April/23/2001) NOBLE Aristotle -- c. Ethics (April/11/2001) NOMINALISM Abelard, Peter (October/14/2007) Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) Rorty, Richard (December/6/2006) NON-CONSEQUENTIALIST Bentham, Jeremy (April/11/2001) NONCONTINGENCY Truth (September/17/2004) NORMATIVE Ethics (June/29/2003) NOSTALGIA Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) NOTHINGNESS Sartre, Jean-Paul -- a. Existentialism (October/13/2004) NOUMENA Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) NOZICK Epistemic Closure Principles (June/13/2006) Libertarianism (March/26/2008) NUMBERS Alexander Polyhistor (May/10/2001) NUMENIUS Gnosticism (June/3/2001) Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) OBJECTIVISM Rand, Ayn (January/28/2002) OBJECTIVITY Objectivity (September/6/2004) OBJECTS OF PERCEPTION Perception, Objects of (September/18/2003) OCCAM Ockham, William of (January/3/2007) OLD ACADEMY Middle Platonism (January/9/2004) OMNIPOTENCE Open Theism (June/13/2006) OMNISCIENCE Open Theism (June/13/2006) ON FIRST PRINCIPLES Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT Anselm of Canterbury (October/20/2006) ONTOLOGY Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Nancy, Jean-Luc (October/5/2002) OPPRESSION Beauvoir, Simone de (January/22/2003) ORIGEN Origen of Alexandria (December/20/2003) OTHER Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) Irigaray, Luce (January/22/2003) Lacan, Jacques (November/7/2002) Ricoeur, Paul (August/4/2003) OTHER MINDS Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds (October/24/2004) PALEY Paley, William (April/21/2001) PARADOX Paradox, Russell's (April/21/2001) Paradox, Russell-Myhill (September/18/2003) Truth (September/17/2004) PARADOXES Zeno of Elea (September/3/2004) PARALLELISM Mental Causation (February/10/2007) PARFIT Personal Identity (May/29/2006) PEIRCE American Philosophy (April/4/2004) Pragmatism (December/15/2006) PER IMPOSSIBLE Reductio ad Absurdum (January/28/2002) PERCEPTION Epistemology of Perception (October/10/2004) Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (October/23/2001) Perception, Objects of (September/18/2003) PERFORMATIVE Truth (September/17/2004) PERIPATETIC Theophrastus (September/12/2004) PERIPATETICS Peripatetics (April/21/2001) PHENOMENA Kant, Immanuel -- a. Metaphysics (April/17/2001) PHENOMENOLOGICAL Phenomenological Reduction (May/23/2006) PHENOMENOLOGY Derrida, Jacques (November/17/2002) Ethics and Phenomenology (January/9/2004) Heidegger, Martin (October/23/2001) Husserl, Edmund (April/16/2001) Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (October/23/2001) Schutz, Alfred (October/13/2004) PHILO Emanation (April/13/2001) Philo of Alexandria (April/24/2001) Skepticism, Ancient (October/15/2004)