ZOOL. 252 EXAM QUESTIONS - DIGESTIVE

[1-9] [10-19] [20-29] [30-39] [40-49] [50-59] [60-69] [70-79] [80-89] [90-99] [100-]

[BATCH 941]

[BATCH 972]

[BATCH 961]

[BATCH 931]

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BATCH 941

[1-9] [10-19] [20-29] [30-39]

1-9

1. Gastrin:
   1. stimulates gastric gland secretion and stomach motility
   2. dilates intestinal capillaries
   3. stimulates gall bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion
   4. inhibits gastric gland secretion and increases pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
   5. is used in hospitals to treat bloating and flatulence. [top]

Match the following:

Match the following cell types of the gastric pit & gland to their secretions.

11. Which of the following is an endopeptidase?
    1. carboxypeptidase
    2. chymotrypsin
    3. dipeptidase
    4. amylase
    5. lipase [top]

12. Which of the following is not an accessory gland/organ for the digestive system?
    1. liver
    2. pancreas
    3. vermiform appendix
    4. salivary glands
    5. gall bladder [top]

13. Peristaltic activity in the intestines is caused by:
    1. reflex arcs triggered by chemosensory cells and stretch receptors in the esophagus & stomach.
    2. the action of a classical hormone released from the stomach.
    3. a wave of contraction of the circular muscle around the intestines preceded by a wave of relaxation of the circular muscle around the intestines, moving from the pyloric sphincter toward the colon.
    4. a wave of contraction of the smooth muscle around the intestines preceded by a wave of relaxation of the smooth muscle around the intestines, moving from the colon toward the pyloric sphincter.
    5. the squeezing action of the chyme in the lumen of the intestines by the little fingers known as villi. [top]

Match the following:

Match the following:

23. An essential amino acid is:
    1. an amino acid which cells must have to make specific proteins unique to humans.
    2. an amino acid which animals cannot make and which must be obtained from plants.
    3. an amino acid which no living organism makes which must be cycled through the food web continuously.
    4. an amino acid which must be ingested and absorbed because the human body cannot make that particular amino acid.
    5. glutamic acid. [top]

24. Trypsinogen is:
    1. secreted from the brush border of the small intestine; helps digest a disaccharide
    2. secreted from the pancreas; helps digest proteins; autocatalyzes to produce the active form of the enzyme
    3. secreted from the pancreas; helps digest fats
    4. secreted from the stomach; helps digest proteins; autocatalyzes to produce the active form of the enzyme
    5. secreted by the salivary glands & pancreas; helps digest carbohydrates [top]

25. Digestion is controlled and coordinated by:
    1. the enteric nervous system and the brain.
    2. the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system and many different hormones which are secreted by the stomach and intestine.
    3. the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system only.
    4. many neurohormonal secretions only.
    5. the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system and the glucocorticoids, insulin and glucagon. [top]

Match the following.

Match the following cell types of the gastric gland to their secretions.

35. Where do bicarbonate ions for neutralizing stomach acid come from?
    1. the pancreas
    2. the enteroendocrine cells of the brush border
    3. Brunner's glands
    4. A and B
    5. A and C [top]

36. Name at least 5 functions of the liver. [top]

BATCH 972

[40-49] [50-59]

37. The mucosal layer of the alimentary canal is made-up of which of the following?
    1. epithelium
    2. lamina propria
    3. muscularis mucosae
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

38. Which of the following cell types is not found in the stomach?
    1. parietal cells,
    2. Chief cells
    3. enteroendocrine or G cells
    4. Beta cells
    5. none of the above [top]

39. The most important overall function of the small intestine is:
    1. propulsion
    2. digestion
    3. absorption
    4. secretion
    5. none of the above [top] [30]

40-49

40. The most important digestive function of the liver is to:
    1. produce bile
    2. metabolize nutrients
    3. store glycogen
    4. filter blood
    5. none of the above [top]

41. Cells of the intestinal mucosa secrete triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in protein packages termed:
    1. lacteals
    2. fats
    3. chylomicrons
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

42. The sum total of all the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life is termed:
    1. anabolism
    2. metabolism
    3. catabolism
    4. cannibalism
    5. none of the above [top]

43. The primary function of the enteroendocrine or G- cell product gastrin is to:
    1. regulate chief cell pepsinogen production
    2. regulate parietal cell HCl release
    3. regulate mucous neck cell mucus production
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

44. Initiation of protein catabolism begins in the:
    1. mouth
    2. esophagus
    3. stomach
    4. small intestine
    5. colon [top]

45. Which of the following is not a unique adaptation of the mucosa of the small intestine?
    1. rugae
    2. plicae
    3. villi
    4. microvilli
    5. none of the above [top]

46. The primary function of bile is to:
    1. breakdown carbohydrates
    2. emulsify fats
    3. degrade proteins
    4. lubricate the intestine
    5. none of the above [top]

47. The proteases, amylases, lipases and nucleases that are critical to digestion are produced by the:
    1. duodenum
    2. liver
    3. pancreas
    4. stomach
    5. none of the above [top]

48. Which of the following is an effect of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)?
    1. exocrine pancreas stimulation
    2. hepatic bile secretion
    3. inhibition of gastric motility
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

Match the following:

Match the following:

57. Explain how major structural adaptations of the small intestinal mucosa contribute to its role in nutrient absorption. [top]

BATCH 961

[60-69] [70-79] [80-89] [90-99]

58. When examining the histology of the GI tract, which of the following is not found in the wall of the esophagus?
    1. mucosa
    2. submucosa
    3. muscularis externa
    4. serosa [top]

59. Which of the following contains the lamina propria?
    1. mucosa
    2. submucosa
    3. muscularis externa
    4. serosa [top] [50]

60-69

60. Which of the following is most important in generating peristalsis?
    1. mucosa
    2. submucosa
    3. muscularis externa
    4. serosa [top]

61. Saliva contains a compound that destroys gram positive bacteria called.....
    1. IgA
    2. lysozyme
    3. mucin
    4. lipase
    5. amylase [top]

62. The smell of food triggers the release of saliva. This is termed the ......
    1. oral phase of salivation
    2. gastric phase of salivation
    3. cephalic phase of salivation
    4. esophageal phase of salivation [top]

63. Several new medicines are on the market that block the production of stomach acid (HCl). They work by inhibiting which cells of the stomach?
    1. parietal cells
    2. chief cells
    3. G cells
    4. D cells [top]

64. Which of the following inhibits the production of gastric secretions?
    1. gastrin
    2. distention of the stomach
    3. the presents of peptides in the stomach
    4. secretin [top]

65. There is limited chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach due to the action of……
    1. salivary amylase
    2. salivary lipase
    3. gastrin
    4. pancreatic lipase
    5. trypsin [top]

66. The stem cell that renews the older cells of the small intestine is located in the.....
    1. plica circulares
    2. villi
    3. lamina propria
    4. intestinal crypts
    5. pancreas [top]

67. The large intestine is important in digestion because it...
    1. is the site of protein digestion
    2. is the site of bile salt reabsorption
    3. is the site of hormone production regulating digestion
    4. is the production and absorption site of certain vitamins [top]

68. The role of bile is:
    1. to emulsify fats.
    2. to digest fats with lipase.
    3. to rid the body of certain wastes.
    4. A and B.
    5. A and C .[top]

69. Protein digestion in the stomach occurs due to the presence of......
    1. pepsin
    2. amylase
    3. chymotrypsin
    4. trypsin
    5. lipase[top] [50] [60]

70-79

70. Which of the following can remove any amino acids from the carboxyl end of a protein?
    1. pepsin
    2. aminopeptidase
    3. chymotrypsin
    4. trypsin
    5. carboxypeptidase [top]

71. Which of the following is both released from the pancreas and produced by the cell of the small intestine?
    1. pepsin
    2. aminopeptidase
    3. chymotrypsin
    4. trypsin
    5. carboxypeptidase [top]

Match the following:

81. The release of CCK and GIP controls gastric secretion. This is part of the...
    1. cephalic phase of gastric secretion
    2. gastric phase of gastric secretion
    3. intestinal phase of gastric secretion [top]

82. A small amount of fats in the diet is necessary to..
    1. stimulate the release of intrinsic factor
    2. stimulate the pancreas to release digestive enzymes
    3. allow absorption of some vitamins
    4. stimulate the release of bile from the liver [top]

83. Intrinsic factor is required for...
    1. digestion of fats
    2. absorption of fats
    3. absorption of B12
    4. absorption of iron
    5. absorption of calcium [top]

84. In the small intestine, absorption of which of the following is not dependent of sodium?
    1. glucose
    2. amino acids
    3. chloride
    4. galactose
    5. fructose [top]

85. After the removal of the large intestine, the patient would expect....
    1. an increased risk of dehydration
    2. problems with increases flagellates (gas)
    3. problems clotting the blood following an accident
    4. a and b are correct
    5. a and c are correct [top]

86. Which of the following passes into the lacteals?
    1. chylomicrons
    2. fat droplets
    3. micelles
    4. lipase [top]

87. This enzyme breaks down triglycerides found in chylomicrons:
    1. salivary lipase
    2. lipoprotein lipase
    3. bile
    4. pancreatic lipase [top]

Match the following:

BATCH 931

93. The excess bilirubin associated with jaundice often results from:
    1. overproduction of bile by the liver
    2. accumulation of hemoglobin breakdown products
    3. excess anti-RH antibody production
    4. inactivated complement proteins
    5. oversecretion of neurotransmitter by the rubrospinal nucleus [top]

94. What is the purpose of chemical (enzymatic) digestion?
    1. to alter the electrical charge of nutrients so they can be absorbed
    2. to liquify the food so that it moves along the tract more easily
    3. to add absorption factors such as intrinsic factor
    4. to make the nutrients small enough to be absorbed
    5. to bring the food contents to a normal pH before it is absorbed [top]

95. If a patient has to have the stomach removed due to cancer (in this procedure, the esophagus will be reattached to the small intestine), what must be provided to keep the patient alive?
    1. HCl
    2. pepsin
    3. either Vit. B₁₂ or intrinsic factor
    4. either Vit. D or intrinsic factor
    5. nothing [top]

96. The function of bile is to:
    1. digest fats
    2. break large fat globs into small fat droplets
    3. neutralize the acidity of food as it leaves the stomach
    4. digest proteins
    5. digest nucleic acids [top]

97. Bile is:
    1. manufactured by the gall bladder
    2. an enzyme
    3. an emulsifier
    4. manufactured by the pancreas
    5. all of the above [top]

98. The first location along the digestive tract that any protease is encountered is the:
    1. mouth
    2. stomach
    3. small intestine
    4. large intestine
    5. rectum [top]

99. The brush border is also known as the:
    1. stomach rugae
    2. intestinal microvilli
    3. ciliated digestive epithelium
    4. acinar cells
    5. beta cells [top] [50] [90]

100-109

100. Insulin secretion is stimulated by ______________________________________________factors.
     1. humoral
     2. hormonal
     3. neural [top]

101. Brain cells do not require any:
     1. glucose
     2. oxygen
     3. ATP
     4. insulin
     5. sodium [top]