ZOOL. 251 EXAM QUESTIONS - INTEGUMENTARY

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[BATCH 961]

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[BATCH 971]

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BATCH 961

1-9

1. Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.
   1. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum.
   2. Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.
   3. Melanomas are rare but are the most dangerous cancer and must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
   4. Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. [top]

2. If a needle that had pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm is withdrawn, what is the order of the layers of skin that the needle tip would pass by?
   1. basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum
   2. basale, spinosum, lucidum, granulosum, corneum
   3. granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum
   4. corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale[top]

3. Which is the most superficial layer of skin that has living cells?
   1. basale
   2. granulosum
   3. corneum
   4. spinosum
   5. they all have living cells.[top]

4. A blackhead is a disorder associated with:
   1. sweat glands.
   2. sebaceous glands.
   3. thyroid glands.
   4. ceruminous glands. [top]

5. Melanocytes:
   1. are cells with many small projections that form contact with cells in the stratum basale.
   2. are more numerous in dark-skinned people.
   3. produces a substance that is taken up by the keratinocytes.
   4. a and c
   5. a, b, and c are correct. [top]

6. The types of sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct?

1. Eccrine are the most numerous, being found only in the axillary regions.
2. Apocrine glands are smaller than eccrine, and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin.
3. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen and first become active during puberty.

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. both 1 and 2 are correct.
5. none are correct. [top]

7. What is the ultimate fate of the melanin once inside the keratinocytes?
   1. it is absorbed into the nucleus
   2. it is destroyed by a lysosome
   3. it remains until the cell reaches the surface
   4. it is exported and taken up by the melanocytes
   5. a and c are correct [top]

8. Which of the following statements is true concerning how nutrients reach the cells of the epidermis?
   1. some nutrients are delivered by absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin.
   2. the stratum corneum of the skin does not require nutrients because, this layer of cells is not living.
   3. nutrients diffuse through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
   4. a and b are true.
   5. b and c are true. [top]

9. Keratinocytes are perhaps the most important of the epidermal cells because:

1. they produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties
2. they are detoxify cancer causing agents.
3. they maintain the ability to reproduce as they mature
4. they are able to produce a protein that is a powerful defense against the damaging UV rays.

1. 1 and 2 are correct
2. 1 and 3 are correct
3. 1 and 4 are correct
4. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
5. 2, 3 and 4 are correct [top] [1-9]

10-19

10. The integumentary system is protected by our immune system through the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this immune function?
    1. cells found in the stratum spinosum
    2. macrophages called "Langerhans"
    3. keratinocytes, because they are so versatile
    4. T cells, because they are the most important cells of the immune system [top]

11. The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and thick bundles of interlacing collagen fibers which are responsible for the strength and resiliency of the dermis?
    1. the reticular layer
    2. the subcutaneous layer
    3. the hypodermal layer
    4. the papillary layer [top]

12. The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior (upper) surface has a structure called:
    1. dermal papillae.
    2. hair follicles.
    3. ceruminous glands.
    4. reticular papillae. [top]

13. Were would you find vellus hair?
    1. hair on a man’s or a woman’s head.
    2. the arms and legs of a 20 year old man.
    3. the arms and legs of a 20 year old woman.
    4. the axillary and pubic regions of a 20 year old man.
    5. the axillary and pubic regions of a 20 year old woman [top]

14. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized according to which two distinct characteristics?
    1. sebaceous and merocrine
    2. mammillary and ceruminous
    3. eccrine and apocrine
    4. holocrine and mammillary [top]

15. The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is:
    1. primarily uric acid.
    2. 99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C.
    3. fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins.
    4. The major portion of the materials secreted by the eccrine glands is metabolic wastes. [top]

16. An important function of the integumentary system is its role in the production of which vitamin?
    1. vitamin A
    2. vitamin B12
    3. vitamin C
    4. cholesterol
    5. vitamin D [top]

17. Which of the following is resonsable for body odor?
    1. sebaceous glands
    2. eccrine sweat glands
    3. apocrine sweat glands
    4. ceruminous glands [top]

18. The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue):

1. contains adipose tissue
2. acts as a shock absorber
3. binds the dermis to underlying tissue.

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 3
3. 2 and 3
4. 1, 2, and 3 [top] [10-19]

Match the following:

BATCH 991

25. Describe 3 differences between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. [top]

26. ___________________ are found mostly in the stratum spinosum and play an important role in activating the immune response.
    1. melanocytes
    2. keratinocytes
    3. Langerhans’ cells
    4. Merkel cells
    5. sqaumous cells [top]

27. A dermatome:
    1. is a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
    2. surrounds several bundles of axons covered by a perineurium
    3. is that part of the body serviced by each pair of spinal nerves
    4. is a blood clot in the dermis
    5. is a fungal infection of the skin [top]

BATCH 973

28. Which of the following epidermal layers is not found in most skin?
    1. corneum
    2. lucidum
    3. granulosum
    4. spinosum
    5. basale [top]

29. Which of the following cell types are in the epidermis?
    1. keratinocytes
    2. Merkel cells
    3. melanocytes
    4. Langerhans' cells
    5. all of the above [top] [20-29]

30-39

30. Which layer of the skin is comprised almost entirely of dense irregular connective tissue?
    1. epidermis
    2. reticular layer
    3. papillary layer
    4. hypodermis
    5. none of the above [top]

31. Sweat glands widely distributed over the body that are important to thermoregulation are classified as:
    1. holocrine
    2. apocrine
    3. eccrine
    4. axillary
    5. autocrine [top]

32. Simple alveolar glands employing the holocrine strategy to release their product into hair follicles are most likely:
    1. sweat glands
    2. sudoriferous glands
    3. endocrine glands
    4. sebaceous glands
    5. none of the above [top]

33. The most apical living cell layer of the epidermis is which layer?
    1. stratum lucidum
    2. stratum basale
    3. stratum corneum
    4. stratum granulosum
    5. stratum spinosum [top]

34. A thick layer of loose connective tissue, including an accumulation of adipose cells, that is found between the skin and the underlying organs would be the?
    1. serous membrane
    2. deep fascia
    3. superficial fascia
    4. mesothelium
    5. none of the above [top]

35. Ductless glands which release their product via the basal surface of the cell are termed:
    1. alveolar
    2. exocrine
    3. holocrine
    4. endocrine
    5. compound [top]

36. The most common mode of glandular secretion in which the product is released by exocytosis from the cells is:
    1. apocrine
    2. merocrine
    3. holocrine
    4. endocrine
    5. exocrine [top]

37. Sketch a typical neuron, label, and provide at least one function for: 1) cell body, dendrites, axon, telodendria, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier. [top]

38. Sketch a typical action potential, label the curves in terms of both ion gate opening and closing and depolarization, repolarization and hyperpolarization, and briefly explain what happens. [top] [30-39]