ZOOL. 252 EXAM QUESTIONS - LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

[1-9] [10-19] [20-29] [30-39] [40-49] [50-59] [60-69] [70-79] [80-89] [90-99] [100-109] [110-119] [120-129]

[BATCH 941]

[BATCH 972]

[BATCH 961]

[BATCH 931]

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BATCH 941

1-9

1. When do most of the events of immunocompetency development occur?
   1. fetal development
   2. childhood
   3. puberty
   4. ongoing process throughout life
   5. after retirement. Only then are you relaxed enough for the immune system to function properly. [top]

2. Complement proteins:
   1. are a type of antibody.
   2. are a type of cytokine.
   3. are secreted by plasma cells.
   4. are secreted by some types of T cells.
   5. circulate in the plasma in an inactive form. [top]

3. Identify the mechanism or mechanisms which aid in increasing venous flow of blood and lymphatic system flow of lymph.
   1. skeletal muscle pumping
   2. respiratory pumping
   3. one-way valves
   4. a and c
   5. all of the above [top]

Match each of the following organs to the substance that it filters.

7. Which of the following is not a function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I protein?
   1. presents antigens from bacteria infecting a body cell to T cells to stimulate a specific immune system response
   2. presents antigens from viruses infecting a body cell to T cells to stimulate a specific immune system response
   3. presents antigens from proteins produced in a cancerous cell to T cells to stimulate a specific immune system response
   4. presents antigens from cancer or foreign microorganisms to identify infected cells to cytotoxic T cells
   5. presents antigens from phagocytosed microorganisms to both B and T cells to stimulate specific immune system responses [top]

8. How is active humoral immunity usually initiated?
   1. A macrophage phagocytoses a foreign substance and digests it; the macrophage then presents antigens from the foreign substance to a helper T cell (along with secreting interleukin 1) which secretes cytokines to stimulate B cell activation and division.
   2. B cells in a lymph node bind to an antigen on a foreign substance; the B cells present the antigen to a helper T cell. Cytokines from the activated helper T cell stimulate B cell division.
   3. Infected body cells activate cytotoxic T cells to divide.
   4. a and b.
   5. all of the above [top]

9. Which of the following phrases best defines agglutination?
   1. Attachment of antibodies to specific proteins on the membranes of cells such that long chains of cells and antibodies are formed that precipitate from a solution.
   2. Polymerization of long strands of fibrin from fibrinogen due to the actions of thrombin.
   3. Polymerization of long strands of fibrin from fibrinogen due to the actions of thromboplastin.
   4. Groups of red blood cells and platelets trapped within fibrin strands.
   5. A horrible allergic reaction to gluten. [top] [1-9]

10-19

10. Which cell type coordinates immune responses by activating and enhancing the activity of T cells, B cells and phagocytic cells?
    1. helper T cells
    2. cytotoxic T cells
    3. suppressor T cells
    4. plasma cells
    5. memory B cells [top]

11. Which class of immunoglobulin is found in the largest concentration in circulation in the plasma?
    1. IgA
    2. IgD
    3. IgE
    4. IgG
    5. IgM [top]

12. Which of the following proteins is the common step (point of convergence) for complement activation and its results whether stimulated by the antibody or bacterial polysaccharides, whether it results in opsonization and phagocytosis or formation of the membrane attack complex?
    1. C1
    2. C2
    3. C3
    4. C4
    5. C5 [top]

13. How is active humoral immunity usually initiated?
    1. A macrophage phagocytoses a foreign substance and digests it; the macrophage then presents antigens from the foreign substance to a helper T cell (along with secreting interleukin 1). The helper T cell then binds to the appropriate B cell and secretes cytokines to co-stimulate B cell activation and division.
    2. B cells in a lymph node bind to an antigen on a foreign substance; the B cells present the antigen to a cytotoxic T cell. Cytokines from the activated cytotoxic T cell stimulate B cell division.
    3. Infected body cells activate helper T cells to divide.
    4. a and b.
    5. all of the above [top]

14. The only T cell population that can directly attack and kill cells are the:
    1. cytotoxic cells.
    2. helper cells.
    3. suppressor cells.
    4. plasma cells. [top]

Match each of the following organs to the substance that it filters.

Match each of the following lymphocytes with its function.

Match the immunoglobulins to their function.

28. The lymph from the lower body is returned to the cardiovascular system at the artery via the . (Pick the pair of words which best fills in the blanks.)
    1. right subclavian vein -- right thoracic duct
    2. left subclavian vein -- left thoracic duct
    3. inferior vena cava -- cisterna chyli
    4. right subclavian vein -- left thoracic duct
    5. left subclavian vein-- right thoracic duct [top]

29. Which of the following cells are fixed macrophages?
    1. Kupffer cells
    2. monocytes
    3. neutrophils
    4. basophils
    5. natural killer cells [top] [20-29]

30-39

30. Which of the following proteins is the common step (point of convergence) for complement activation and its results whether stimulated by the antibody or bacterial polysaccharides, whether it results in opsonization and phagocytosis or formation of the membrane attack complex?
    1. C1
    2. C2
    3. C3
    4. C4
    5. C5 [top]

31. Which of the following would not really qualify as a nonspecific defense mechanism?
    1. acidity of sweat, gastric and vaginal secretions
    2. antibody binding to a bacteria and activating complement formation
    3. the mucus and cilia lining the respiratory tract
    4. the inflammatory response
    5. fever [top]

32. When Joe was a young college student with no debts and a strong back, he worked his way around the world. During the course of his time abroad, he went to Turkey where all visitors are required to be immunized for tuberculosis. Joe's backpack with all his immunization records was stolen somewhere around Istanbul, and he tried pretty successfully to forget about ever having been in Turkey. Ten years later after 150 unsuccessful job applications, Joe applied to work at the Extra Healthy Health Corporation and was administered a TB skin test during the course of the physical administered to all new workers. Joe's TB test was undeniably positive. Despite a clean chest x-ray, the doctors at the Extra Healthy Health Corporation were adamant that Joe should take a year long course of intensive antibiotics despite the fact that these antibiotics are very rough on the liver and Joe's tests reveal that his liver is not in wonderful shape (he felt it his duty to sample all local alcoholic concoctions during his travels). You have known Joe since long before he was a young college student. You DO remember that Joe went to Turkey and had a TB vaccination. Joe has come to you for advice. What should you tell him?
    1. "Joe, TB can kill you. If Larry Hagman can get a new liver, so can you. Take the antibiotics."
    2. "Beats me how you got TB. Hope it's not that antibiotic resistant kind. By the way, my kids won't be visiting your kids for the next year."
    3. "You wimp! Are you going to let those knucklehead doctors run your life just because of a little bitty inflamed spot? Don't take antibiotics unless you are coughing up blood."
    4. "Joe, didn't you have to get a TB vaccination when you went into Turkey on that crazy trip around the world? Why don't you see if you can get a duplicate record of the immunization and see if the Extra Healthy Health people would settle for an annual chest x-ray to check for TB?"
    5. "Well, Joe if I were you, I'd be sure my will was up to date and that the premiums were paid up on my life insurance policy. After all, whether or not you have TB, you really need this job so it looks like poverty and TB, or a few paychecks before liver failure from the antibiotics. Stress, TB or liver failure is bound to kill you." [top]

33. What type of cell is always infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) once a person is infected?
    1. B cells
    2. natural killer cells
    3. cytotoxic T cells, CD8 cells
    4. helper T cells, CD4 cells
    5. neurons in the brain [top]

34. Which of the following is not a function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I protein?
    1. presents antigens from bacteria infecting a body cell to T cells to stimulate a specific immune system response
    2. presents antigens from viruses infecting a body cell to T cells to stimulate a specific immune system response
    3. presents antigens from proteins produced in a cancerous cell to T cells and natural killer cells to stimulate an immune system response
    4. presents antigens from cancer or foreign microorganisms to identify infected cells to cytotoxic T cells
    5. presents antigens from phagocytosed microorganisms to both B and T cells to stimulate specific immune system responses [top]

35. How is active humoral immunity usually initiated?
    1. A macrophage phagocytoses a foreign substance and digests it; the macrophage then presents antigens from the foreign substance to a helper T cell (along with secreting interleukin 1). The helper T cell then binds to the appropriate B cell and secretes cytokines to co-stimulate B cell activation and division.
    2. B cells in a lymph node bind to an antigen on a foreign substance; the B cells present the antigen to a cytotoxic T cell. Cytokines from the activated cytotoxic T cell stimulate B cell division.
    3. Infected body cells activate helper T cells to divide.
    4. a and b.
    5. all of the above [top]

36. Costimulation is
    1. the binding of an antigen to a T or B cell to activate that clone.
    2. the binding of a cytokine to its receptor on a T or B cell to activate that clone.
    3. the binding of an antigen to a T or B cell accompanied by the binding of a cytokine to its receptor on the same T or B cell to activate that clone.
    4. the binding of interleukin-1 to receptors of cells is the hypothalamus to initiate a fever to aid the function of the antibodies secreted by plasma cells and the cytokines secreted by helper T cells during a specific immune system response.
    5. the binding of cytokines from a helper T cell to their receptors on macrophages, microphages and natural killer cells to enhance their response to an infection. [top]

37. In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?
    1. antibody
    2. lymphocyte
    3. antigen
    4. macrophage
    5. Cloning of any form/type is not a phenomenon which happens in nature. [top]

38. The only T cell population that can directly attack and kill cells are the:
    1. cytotoxic cells.
    2. helper cells.
    3. suppressor cells.
    4. plasma cells. [top]

39. A single exposure to an antigen can lead to , but regular repeated exposures to an antigen can lead to . Choose the answer which best fills in the blanks in the preceeding statement.
    1. anaphalaxis -- sensitization
    2. anaphalaxis -- tolerance
    3. tolerance -- anaphalaxis
    4. tolerance -- sensitization
    5. sensitization -- tolerance [top] [30-39]

40-49

40. List at least three ways that the immune system can "kill" a cell and identify the type of cell typically killed by that mechanism. [top]

41. Explain the difference between the interleukins and the interferons. [top]

42. Briefly explain what happens in a lymph node, i.e. what is the function of a lymph node. Your answer should include specific cell types and a description of their activities while in the node. [top]

43. How does the binding of an antibody kill or neutralize a pathogen? [top]

44. Name at least 5 functions of the liver. (No need to elaborate) [top]

BATCH 972

45. Lymphatic capillaries found in the intestinal villi that are important to lipid absorption are termed:
    1. intestinal glands
    2. lacteals
    3. duodenal glands
    4. chyme
    5. none of the above. [top]

46. Explain why Helper T cells are important to the proper functioning of our immune system.

47. The path of lymph flow from a lymphatic capillary in the leg to the left subclavian vein would include which of the following;
    1. vessels, duct, trunk
    2. trunk, duct, vessels
    3. duct, trunk, vessels
    4. vessels, trunk and duct
    5. none of the above. [top]

48. The sac-like initial portion of the thoracic duct that receives lymph from the legs and the intestinal tract is the:
    1. lacteal
    2. right lymphatic duct
    3. cisterna chyli
    4. lymph vessel
    5. none of the above. [top]

49. The lymphoid organ that is unique because its’ underlying structure is not based on reticular connective tissue is the:
    1. thymus
    2. spleen,
    3. lymph node
    4. tonsil
    5. none of the above. [top] [40-49]

50-59

50. The lymphoid cells that serve as the foundation of our humoral immune system are the:
    1. cytotoxic T cells
    2. helper T cells
    3. suppressor T cells
    4. B cells
    5. none of the above. [top]

51. The lymphoid organ important to overall function of both the immune system and the hematopoietic system is the:
    1. thymus
    2. spleen
    3. lymph node
    4. tonsil
    5. none of the above. [top]

52. The major lymphatic organ that has more afferent than efferent vessels and serves a primary role in lymph filtration would be the:
    1. thymus
    2. lymph node
    3. spleen
    4. palatine tonsils
    5. none of the above [top]

53. Which of the following would not be considered to be part of the nonspecific body defense system?
    1. complement
    2. inflammation
    3. immunoglobulins
    4. fever
    5. none of the above [top]

54. The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls in response to inflammatory signals is termed:
    1. chemotaxis
    2. diapedesis
    3. margination
    4. opsonization
    5. none of the above [top]

55. Small molecules that are not immunogenic by themselves but can be very immunogenic when combined with larger proteins are termed:
    1. haptens
    2. complete antigens
    3. bugs
    4. agglutinins
    5. none of the above [top]

56. Which of the following might be involved in B-cell activation?
    1. antigens
    2. helper T-cells
    3. lymphokines
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

57. Although all of the following cells are involved in nonspecific cellular defenses, the one that is not phagocytic is the:
    1. natural killer or NK cells
    2. monocytes
    3. macrophages
    4. neutrophils
    5. none of the above [top]

58. Which of the following is not associated with the general inflammatory response?
    1. vasodilation
    2. increased capillary permeability
    3. inflammatory mediator release
    4. phagocyte mobilization
    5. none of the above [top]

59. The direct killing of microorganisms, enhancement of the inflammatory response and augmentation of phagocytosis by opsonization would best characterize which system?
    1. interferon
    2. complement
    3. natural killer cell
    4. defensin
    5. none of the above [top] [50-59]

60-69

60. Substances released by leukocytes and macrophages that stimulate the hypothalamus to increase body temperature are:
    1. antigens
    2. haptens
    3. pyrogens
    4. kinins
    5. none of the above [top]

61. Which of the following are characteristic of the specific body defense or immune system?
    1. memory for previously exposed antigens
    2. is antigen specific
    3. involves a systemic response
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

62. The class of antibody that is considered to be the "secondary response Ab", is found in highest concentration in plasma and has a complement binding site (can fix complement) would be:
    1. IgM
    2. IgG
    3. IgA,
    4. IgD
    5. IgE [top]

63. The class of antibody found on the surface of mast cells and basophils that plays a leading role in immediate hypersensitivity reaction s would be:
    1. IgM
    2. IgG
    3. IgA
    4. IgD
    5. IgE [top]

64. In terms of antigen recognition, the major difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes is:
    1. T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow
    2. T lymphocytes only respond to "presented" antigens
    3. immunocompetent T lymphocytes can be found in both blood and lymph
    4. all of the above
    5. none of the above [top]

65. In general, the effect of vaccine administration is to provide:
    1. active humoral immunity
    2. passive humoral immunity
    3. active cell mediated immunity
    4. passive cell mediated immunity
    5. none of the above [top]

66. When considered together, the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of an antibody molecule represent the:
    1. antigen binding site
    2. complement binding site
    3. stem region
    4. macrophage binding site
    5. none of the above [top]

Define each of the following:

67. Perforin - [top]

68. Cytokines - [top]

69. Major histocompatability complex (MHC) - [top] [60-69]

70-79

70. Sketch and label a typical antibody molecule and explain how antibodies mediate humoral immunity. [top]

71. Explain why Helper T cells are so important to the proper functioning of our immune system. [top]

BATCH 961

Match the following:

77. The immune system is also called the
    1. nonspecific defense system
    2. the innate defense system
    3. specific defense system
    4. inflammation [top]

78. Acidity of the skin, an unbroken epithelial lining, digestive enzymes, sticky mucous, and iron chelators are part of the ...
    1. phagocytes
    2. inflammation
    3. chemical defenses
    4. surface membrane barrier [top]

79. Which of the following is required for the alternative pathway of complement activation
    1. antibody free of antigen
    2. antibody bound to its antigen
    3. polysaccharide molecules found on the surface of some bacteria [top] [70-79]

80-89

80. What are the chemicals released from the macrophages that induce fever
    1. antibodies
    2. complement
    3. interferons
    4. haptens
    5. pyrogens [top]

82. The presence of this protein bound to an antibody enables the antibody to kill a foreign cell
    1. hapten
    2. lymphotoxin
    3. perforin
    4. complement [top]

83. Humoral immunity is the type of immunity that involves...
    1. phagocytes
    2. pyrogens
    3. antibodies
    4. cytotoxic T cells [top]

84. Which of the following chemical can be best described as being involved in blocking the spread of viral infection?
    1. interferon
    2. pyrogens
    3. complement
    4. tumor necrosis factor [top]

85. Which cells of the body defenses have as their major function the production of antibodies
    1. macrophages
    2. suppressor T cells
    3. B lymphocytes
    4. plasma cells
    5. all of the above [top]

86. Why is the secondary immune response much better at fighting infection
    1. get more antibodies and faster
    2. the antibodies are better at binding to antigen
    3. antibody levels stay high for longer
    4. all are correct
    5. none are correct [top]

87. Of the mechanisms by which antibodies help the immune system defeat infection, which one deals with the binding of antibody to a soluble antigen causing it to fall out of solution?
    1. complement fixation
    2. neutralization
    3. precipitation
    4. agglutination [top]

88. Which of the following is a requirement to initiate a cell mediated immune response
    1. cytotoxic T cells
    2. suppressor T cells
    3. helper T cells [top]

89. Which of the following chemicals will fragment DNA?
    1. lymphotoxin
    2. perforin
    3. tumor necrosis factor
    4. gamma interferon [top] [80-89]

90-99

90. Which of the following is not a part of the nonspecific cellular immunity?
    1. natural killer cells
    2. macrophages
    3. neutraphils
    4. eosinophils
    5. plasma cells [top]

91. What is the advantage of getting a fever when you have an bacterial infection? [top]

92. Why are iron chelators part of our nonspecific body defenses? [top]

93. Which of the following is not true about lymphatic vessels.
    1. they contain valves to prevent back flow of fluid
    2. they transport blood, which as escaped the capillaries, back to the cardiovascular system
    3. lymphatic capillaries are more permeable then blood capillaries
    4. they contain endothelial cells [top]

94. Lymphatic vessels are absent from the
    1. lungs
    2. central nervous system
    3. muscle
    4. organs of the digestive system [top]

95. The lymphatic fluid from the right leg is ultimately drained by the
    1. thoracic duct
    2. right lymphatic duct
    3. left lymphatic duct
    4. superior thoracic duct [top]

96. Which of the following chemicals are released from cells infected by a virus?
    1. lymphotoxin
    2. perforin
    3. tumor necrosis factor
    4. gamma interferon [top]

97. Type II alveolar cells or pneumocytes produce surfactant which has a direct role in lowering...
    1. recoil
    2. elasticity
    3. compliance
    4. surface tension[top]

BATCH 931

98. Which two systems would not function properly without the lymphatic system?
    1. urinary and immune
    2. digestive and cardiovascular
    3. respiratory and immune
    4. cardiovascular and immune
    5. respiratory and cardiovascular [top]

99. What is true of all lymphoid organs?
    1. contain lymphocytes and macrophages
    2. filter lymph
    3. filter blood
    4. produce antibodies
    5. produce complement proteins [top] [90-99]

100-109

100. The tonsils that inhibit pathogens from entering your auditory structures are the:
     1. palatine
     2. tubal
     3. pharyngeal
     4. adenoids
     5. lingual [top]

101. The chemical secreted by virus-infected cells to protect nearby cells from viruses is:
     1. interferon
     2. complement
     3. antibodies
     4. cytokines
     5. perforin [top]

102. A baby’s immune cells consist of only cells whose antigen receptors did what during fetal development?
     1. bound to fetal molecules
     2. failed to bind to fetal molecules[top]

103. Receptor molecules that bind to specific antigens are located on:
     1. all leukocytes
     2. b blood cells
     3. all phagocytes
     4. lymphocytes and macrophages only
     5. lymphocytes only [top]

104. What ultimately is most important in determining which antigens can trigger your immune response?
     1. your genes
     2. chemical characteristics of the antigen
     3. whether or not you’ve ever been exposed to that antigen
     4. how that antigen infected you
     5. the size of your memory cell population [top]

105. In order for your T_C cells to respond to cancer cells (which are mutated self cells), the cancer cells must:
     1. be infected with a virus
     2. bear molecules interpreted as foreign
     3. secrete cytokines
     4. be mitotic
     5. remain in lymph nodes [top]

106. Suppose you visit another planet and are exposed to life forms and molecules that you have never encountered before, including the organic macromolecule Antigen Z. Antigen Z triggers an immune response, and is eliminated mostly by your humoral defenses. This would suggest that most Antigen Z molecules:
     1. must appear in your own cells’ membranes
     2. do not necessarily appear in your own cells’ membranes
     3. can "hide" within your cells
     4. somehow disable your T lymphocytes
     5. somehow disable your B lymphocytes [top]

107. Antigen Z is found on the integument of the tiny blibbert worm, which entered your nasal passages as you slept. Which immunoglobulin would be most effective in preventing additional blibbert worms from infecting you?
     1. IgM
     2. IgG
     3. IgA
     4. IgD
     5. IgE [top]

108. Antigen Z is a toxin that permanently disables the production of memory immune cells. This would impair your:
     1. humoral immunity
     2. cellular immunity
     3. complement action
     4. immunoglobulin action
     5. response to subsequent infection by that Ag [top]

109. Complement proteins are most similar (in what they do to cells) to:
     1. cytokines
     2. clotting proteins
     3. albumin
     4. perforin
     5. immunoglobulins [top] [50-59] [100-109]

110-119

110. Why would a man’s immune cells determine (falsely) that his own sperm are foreign?
     1. sperm are first formed during the time immunocompetency is developing
     2. sperm are not present during development of immunocompetency
     3. sperm antigens are similar to those on normal gut bacteria [top]

111. When do most of the events of immunocompetency development occur?
     1. fetal development
     2. childhood
     3. puberty
     4. ongoing process throughout life[top]

112. The initiating protein in the complement cascade binds ("fixes") to:
     1. self molecules
     2. antigens
     3. variable region of the antibody
     4. constant region of the antibody
     5. perforin [top]

113. Describe the leukocytes, including which type is most numerous, least numerous, largest, differences in staining characteristics, differences in organelles, and of course differences in function. [top]

114. Explain the following (well-labeled, accurate diagrams will be sufficient):
     1. the structure of antigen receptors on immune cells
     2. the structure of antibodies, including chemical structure, and names and functions of specific regions on an antibody molecule
     3. list the immunoglobulin classes, explain which general region of the molecule differs in structure from class to class, and one distinguishing characteristic of each [top]

115. A person with type O blood:
     1. has RBCs that bear the O antigen
     2. has anti-O antibody circulating in the plasma
     3. can receive blood transfusions from donors of any blood type
     4. is most likely to be RH-
     5. lacks antigens of the ABO class[top]

116. Describe hemolytic disease of the newborn. Your answer should include the following - what causes jaundice? is there is difference in risk depending on birth order? do both rh+ and rh- mothers need to be equally concerned? do ABO incompatibilities matter at all? [top]

117. The lymphatic system is necessary because:
     1. osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure in the capillary beds
     2. hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure in the capillary beds
     3. capillaries do not allow water to diffuse into the blood
     4. the presence of albumin reduces the inward diffusion of water into the blood
     5. all blood must be filtered [top]

118. TRUE or FALSE: all lymphoid organs filter lymph
     1. TRUE
     2. FALSE [top]

119. Lymph nodes contain:
     1. B & T lymphocytes only
     2. B & T lymphocytes and macrophages
     3. macrophages only
     4. B lymphocytes and macrophages only
     5. T lymphocytes and macrophages only [top] [110-119]

120-129

120. What do the immune and endocrine systems have in common?
     1. both regulate cells through secreted chemicals
     2. both involve specific binding of molecules to membrane receptor molecules
     3. both are classified as organ systems
     4. a & b
     5. b & c [top]

121. What ultimately determines whether or not a particular antigen will trigger an immune response?
     1. how potentially harmful the antigen is
     2. prior exposure to or infection with that antigen
     3. the genes of the infected individual
     4. how the antigen enters the body [top]

122. What do perforin and complement proteins have in common?
     1. both tear holes in pathogens or infected/altered self cells
     2. both are considered to be non-specific defenses
     3. both are associated primarily with the humoral defenses
     4. both are associated primarily with cell-mediated defenses
     5. both specialize in elimination of bacteria [top]

123. The cell-mediated immune system specializes in eliminating:
     1. all pathogens
     2. bacteria
     3. viruses
     4. worms
     5. altered self cells [top]

124. Which is the best definition of antigen?
     1. bacteria
     2. virus
     3. any foreign molecule
     4. a molecule that triggers an immune response
     5. a disease-causing organism [top]

125. What must be matched closely to result in a successful organ transplant operation?
     1. organ size
     2. organ color
     3. blood type only
     4. MHC molecules on the cells of the donor and recipient organs
     5. race of the donor and recipient [top]

126. A fetus with blood type B- inside a mother with blood type B+:
     1. is at risk for HDN
     2. is not at risk for HDN [top] [120-129]