1800's :

 

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1800-1809
1810-1819
1820-1829
1830-1839
1840-1849
1850-1859
1860-1869
1870-1879
1880-1889
1890-1899

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January 22, 1800 Nat Turner, leader of the Virgina slave revolt, born
May 9, 1800 John Brown, abolitionist and martyr of the Harper's Ferry Insurrection, born
August 30, 1800 Gabriel Prosser's VA slave revolt is betrayed
December 17, 1802 Henry Adams, teacher and minister, born
January 5, 1804 The Ohio legislature passed "Black Laws" designed to restrict the legal rights of free blacks. These laws were part of the trend to increasingly severe restrictions on all blacks in both North and South before the Civil War
February 21, 1804 Lemuel Haynes, first Black minister to serve for a White congregation, becomes the first Black person to receive an honorary degree (an MA) from a White college (Middlebury College)
March 28, 1804 Ohio passes law restricting the movement of Blacks
June 17, 1804 James Weldon Johnson, co-author of the Black National Anthem and the first Black person admitted to the Florida Bar, born
March 17, 1806 Norbert Rillieux, inventor, born
September 9, 1806 Sarah Mapps Douglass, abolitionist, born
October 26, 1806 Benjamin Banneker, inventor, mathematician and one of the planners of what is now Washington DC, dies
March 2, 1807 Congress declares importation of slaves into US jurisdiction illegal as of the new year
May 11, 1807 Ira Aldridge, actor, born
January 1, 1808 The African Benevolent Society for Education is found

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August 4, 1810 Robert Purvis, abolitionist, born
February 24, 1811 Bishop Daniel A Payne, reformer and educator of AME Church, born
June 14, 1811 Harriet Beecher Stowe, White abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, born
May 6, 1812 Martin R Delaney, ethnologist, army officer and Black nationalist, born
May 28, 1814 Daniel Reaves Goodloe, emancipatist, born
April 9, 1816 The African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized as the first independent black denomination in the United States
September 9, 1816 John Gregg Fee, Kentucky abolitionist and founder of Berea College, born
February 14, 1817 Frederick Douglass born
August 18, 1818 General Andrew Jackson defeated a force of Native Americans and African-Americans to end the First Seminole War

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February 6, 1820 First organized emigration of U.S. Blacks back to Africa, from New York to Sierra leone, takes place
May 15, 1820 US Congress declares foreign slave trade an act of piracy punishable by death
March 3, 1821 Thomas Jennings becomes the fist Black American to receive a patent, for a dry-cleaning process
March 14, 1821 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church founded
October 7, 1821 William Still, chronicler of The Underground Railroad Records, born
May 30, 1822 The Denmark Vesey conspiracy was betrayed in Charleston, South Carolina. It is claimed that some 5,000 blacks were prepared to rise in July
June 18, 1822 Denmark Vesey, slave revolt leader, arrested in Charleston, SC
July 15, 1822 Public schools for Blacks open in Philadelphia
August 15, 1824 Liberia established by freed American slaves
March 16, 1827 John Russwurm and Samuel Cornish founded Freedom's Journal, the first Black newspaper
September 1829 David Walker's militant antislavery pamphlet, An Appeal to the Colored People of the World, was in circulation in the South. This work was the first of its kind by a black
Sept. 20-24, 1829 The first National Negro Convention met in Philadelphia
December 14, 1829 John Langston, Congressman, born

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June 2, 1830 James Augustine Healey, first Black Catholic Bishop in the United States, born
August 20, 1830 Richard Allen chairs the first National Negro Convention in Philadelphia
September 15, 1830 First National Negro Convention held in Philadelphia, PA
September 20, 1830 First Negro Convention of Free Men agree to boycott slave-produced goods
January 2, 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper
January 6, 1831 The World Anti-Slavery Convention opens in London
March 26, 1831 Richard Allen, AME Church Bishop, dies
May 28, 1831 Eliza Ann Gardner, underground railroad conductor, born
June 6, 1831 People of Color Convention held for the first time
August 21-22, 1831 Nat Turner leads slave revolt in Southampton, VA that kills 55 Whites
November 11, 1831 Nat Turner, leader of a Virginia slave revolt, hanged
March 17, 1833 The Phoenix Society founded
May 21, 1833 Black students enroll in classes at Oberlin College, Ohio
August 1, 1834 Slavery declared unlawful in British Empire
October 14, 1834 Henry Blair patents his corn-planting machine
December 20, 1834 Mother Matelda Beasley, nun, born
January 8, 1836 Fannie M Jackson, educator and first Black woman college graduate in the US, born
March 3, 1836 Jefferson Franklin Long, congressman, born
March 26, 1836 George Alexander McGuire, bishop, born
November 5, 1836 Theo Wright becomes the first Black recipient of a Theology Degree in the US
March 24, 1837 Canada legally recognizes Black suffrage
April 19, 1837 Cheyney State College, one of the oldest Black colleges in the US, founded in its orignal form as a school for Black boys
May 10, 1837 PBS Pinchback, first Black state governor, born
November 7, 1837 Elijah Lovejoy, newspaperman, killed defending his newspaper from a pro-slavery mob
September 3, 1838 Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery disguised as a sailor
July 1839 The slaves carried on the Spanish ship, Amistad, took over the vessel and sailed it to Montauk on Long Island. They eventually won their freedom in a case taken to the Supreme Court

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May 16, 1840 James Milton Turner, educator, born
June 1, 1843 Sojourner Truth begins travel as an abolitionist speaker
May 2, 1844 Elijah "The Real" McCoy, inventor and holder of over fifty patents, born
April 29, 1845 Macon B Allen and Robert Morris Jr, first Blacks to practice law in the US, open practice
September 5, 1846 John W Cromwell, Secretary of the American Negro Academy, born
January 20, 1847 WR Pettiford, founder of the Alabama Penny Savings Bank, born
April 28, 1847 George B Vashon, first Black bachelor's from Oberlin, becomes first Black American to enter the NY Bar
September 10, 1847 John R Lynch, first Black speaker at a Republican National Convention, born
December 3, 1847 Frederick Douglass, along with Martin R Delaney, start The North Start, an anti-slavery paper
September 4, 1848 Louis Latimer, inventor and engineer, born
September 16, 1848 Slavery abolished in all French territories
May 7, 1849 Blind Tom Bethune, pianist and composer, born
June 17, 1849 Thomas Ezekiel Miller, congressman, born
July 1849 Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery. She would return South at least twenty times, leading over 300 slaves to freedom

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February 27, 1850 Charlotte Ray, first Black female lawyer, born
September 18, 1850 Congress passes Fugitive Slave Law as part of the Compromise of 1850
January 25, 1851 Sojourner Truth addresses the first Black Women's Rights Convention
March 20, 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe, White abolitionist, publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin
January 1, 1853 Lincoln University, the oldest Historically Black University in the US, incorporated
February 10, 1853 Joseph Charles Rice, educator, born
March 10, 1853 Hallie Quinn Brown, women's right activist, born
April 20, 1853 Harriet Tubman starts working on the Underground Railroad
January 1, 1854 Ashmum Institute, the precursor of Lincoln University, was chartered at Oxford, Pennsylvania
January 18, 1856 Dr Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer in surgery, born
April 5, 1856 Booker T Washington, educator, born
April 23, 1856 Granville T Woods, inventor of over 40 products, born
August 20, 1856 Wilberforce University established in Ohio
February 16, 1857 Frederick Douglass, orator and activist, elected President of Freedman Bank and Trust
March 6, 1857 The Dred Scott decision, asserting that Blacks could not be citizens of the United States, even if they were citizens of their states, handed down by the Supreme Court
January 30, 1858 William Wells Brown, novelist and dramatist, publishes first Black drama, Leap to Freedom
June 21, 1859 Henry O Tanner, artist, born
September 7, 1859 John Merrick, coorganizer of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, born
October 16, 1859 Harper's Ferry Insurrection begins
October 19, 1859 Byrd Prillerman, co-founder of Virginia State College, born

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December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes from the Union, beginning the rumbles that would become the Civil War
April 12, 1861 Civil War begins at Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC
July 22, 1861 Abraham Lincoln reads the first draft of Emancipation Proclamation to the cabinet
August 23, 1861 James Stone of Ohio enlisted to become the first black to fight for the Union during the Civil War. He was very light skinned and was married to a white woman. His racial identity was revealed after his death in 1862
September 17, 1861 American Missonary Association school established in Fortress Monroe, VA
September 17, 1861 Hampton Institute founded
September 25, 1861 Secretary of Navy authorizes enlistment of slaves as Union sailors
April 16, 1862 Slavery ended in Washington DC
May 9, 1862 Slaves in Georgia, Florida and South Carolina are freed
June 1, 1862 Slavery abolished in all United States possessions
June 3, 1862 Haiti recognized as a nation by the United States
June 3, 1862 Liberia recognized as a nation by the United States
July 16, 1862 Ida B Wells, reformer who first gathered statistical records on lynchings in the US, born
July 17, 1862 Congress allowed the enlistment of blacks in the Union Army. Some black units precede this date, but they were disbanded as unofficial. Some 186,000 blacks served; of these 38,000 died
January 1, 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation
January 26, 1863 54th Regiment, a Black infantry unit, formed
June 2, 1863 Harriet Tubman leads Union Army guerillas into Maryland and frees more than 700 slaves
September 22, 1863 Mary Church Terrell, first Black person to serve on the DC board of education, born
January 10, 1864 George Washington Carver, scientist and discoverer of over 300 products from the peanut and sweet potato, may have been born (Carver was apparently born a slave, and we don't know even the year of his birth;however, it seems to have been between 1858 and 1865)
February 4, 1864 The 24th Amendment, abolishing the poll tax, ratified
April 16, 1864 Flora Batson, soprano-baritone singer, born
June 14, 1864 Black soldiers win Congressional approval for equal pay
June 25, 1864 Abraham Lincoln signs bill providing schools for Black children
July 21, 1864 The New Orleans Tribune, first daily Black newspaper, is published in English and French
March 2, 1865 Freedman's Bureau for Black Education founded
May 5, 1865 Adam Clayton Powell, Sr, activist, born
June 19, 1865 Juneteenth begins when slaves in south Texas first hear about the Emancipation Proclamation, over two years after the fact
August 8, 1865 Matthew A Henson, explorer and first to reach the North Pole, born
September 19, 1865 Atlanta University founded
November 20, 1865 Howard University founded
November 21, 1854 Shaw University founded
December 18, 1865 The 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery, ratified
1866 Edward G. Walker and Charles L. Mitchell were the first blacks to sit in an American legislature, that of Massachusetts
January 9, 1866 Fisk University founded
February 6, 1867 The Peabody Fund is established to promote Black education in the South
February 14, 1867 Morehouse College founded as Augusta Institute
August 10, 1867 Ira Aldridge, actor, dies
September 1, 1867 Robert T Freeman becomes the first Black person to graduate from Harvard Dental School
September 26, 1867 Maggie L Walker, business and civic leader, born
December 23, 1867 Madame C J Walker, probably the first Black millionare, born
February 23, 1868 WEB Dubois, activist, born
June 13, 1868 Oscar J Dunn elected Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana
July 6, 1868 The South Carolina House became the first and only legislature to have a black majority, 87 blacks to 40 whites. Whites did continue to control the Senate and became a majority in the House in 1874
July 28, 1868 The 14th Amendment, making Blacks citizens, adopted
November 9, 1868 Medical School at Howard University opens with eight students
November 24, 1868 Scott Joplin, composer and musician, born
December 8, 1868 Henry Hugh Proctor, writer, born
January 13, 1869 Convention of the Colored National Labor Union, the first Black labor convention, held
February 12, 1869 Issac Burns Murphy, jockey, dies
June 24, 1869 Mary Ellen Pleasant, abolitionist, officially becomes Voodoo Queen in San Francisco

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January 20, 1870 Hiram Rhodes Revels elected senator (from Mississippi), becoming the first Black US Senator in the US
February 3, 1870 The 15th Amendment, providing for Black suffrage, ratified
March 30, 1870 The 15th Amendment, giving Blacks (well, Black men) the right to vote adopted
March 31, 1870 Thomas Mundy Petersen, of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, becomes the first Black person to vote as a result of the adoption of the 15th amendment
May 31, 1870 Congress passes first Civil Rights Enforcement Act
December 25, 1870 Henry McKee Minton, physician, born
January 16, 1871 Jefferson Franklin Long takes oath of office as first Black Congressman from Georgia
February 1, 1871 Jefferson Franklin Long becomes first Black person to speak in the House of Representatives as a congressman
May 12, 1871 Segregated street cars integrated in Louisville, KY, following sit-in staged by a Black teenager
January 29, 1872 Franics L Cardoza elected State Treasurer of South Carolina
March 19, 1872 TJ Boyd patents an apparatus for detaching horses from carriages
March 26, 1872 Thomas J Martin patents the fire extinguisher
April 7, 1872 William Monroe Trotter, civil rights leader and editor of The Boston Guardian, born
April 23, 1872 Charlotte Ray, first Black female lawyer, becomes the first Black woman admitted to practice before the District Supreme Court
June 27, 1872 Paul Laurence Dunbar, poet and novelist, born
October 1, 1872 Morgan State College founded in Maryland
October 5, 1872 Booker T Washington, educator, leaves Malden, West VA to enter Hampton Institute
October 21, 1872 John H Conyers becomes first African American to enter the US Naval Academy
December 9, 1872 PBS Pinchback serves as governor of Louisana, becoming the first Black state governor
January 13, 1873 PBS Pinchback ends service as governor of Louisana
March 8, 1873 PBS Pinchback, first Black state governor, is denied his senate seat by the Senate
August 11, 1873 J Rosamond Johnson, actor and co-composer of Lift Every Voice And Sing, born
November 16, 1873 WC Handy, father of the Blues, born in Florence, AL
July 31, 1874 Father Patrick Francis Healey, first Black man to recieve a PhD, named President of Georgetown University
August 1, 1874 Charles Clinton Spaulding, businessman, born
1875 Tennessee passed a law requiring segregation in railroad cars. By 1907 all Southern states had passed similar laws
March 1, 1875 Congress passed a Civil Rights Bill which banned discrimination in places of public accommodation. The Supreme Court overturned the bill in 1883.
May 17, 1875 Oliver Lewis wins first Kentucky Derby
June 10, 1875 James Augustine Healey becomes first Black Catholic Bishop in the United States
July 10, 1875 Mary McLeod Bethune, educator, born
December 19, 1875 Carter G Woodson, the father of Black history, born
July 4, 1876 EM Bannister, African painter, exhibits Under The Oaks at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelpha and is awarded the gold medal
March 3, 1877 Garrett T Morgan, invenor, born
March 17, 1877 Clark College granted charter
June 9, 1877 Meta-Vaux Warick Fuller, sculptor, born
June 15, 1877 Henry O Flipper becomes first Black graduate of West Point
March 31, 1878 Jack Johnson, first Black heavyweight champion, born
May 7, 1878 JR Winters patents the fire escape
May 25, 1878 Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, dancer and entertainer, born
November 8, 1878 Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor, the world's fastest bicycle racer for 12 years, born in Indianapolis
December 1, 1878 Arthur Spingarn, founder of the NAACP, born
August 27, 1879 Robert Lee Van, publisher, born
November 4, 1879 T Elkins patents the refrigerating apparatus

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July 27, 1880 AP Abourne, inventor, awarded patent for refining coconut oil
August 10, 1880 Clarence C White, composer and violinist, dies
April 11, 1881 Spelman College founded
July 4, 1881 Tuskegee Institue opened by Booker T Washington
September 13, 1881 Louis Latimer patents an electric lamp with a carbon filament
July 16, 1882 V A Johnson, first Black female to argue before the US Supreme Court, born
February 7, 1883 Eubie Blake, pianist, born in Baltimore
March 19, 1883 Jan Matzeliger invents the first machine to manufacture an entire shoe
August 14, 1883 Ernest E Just, biologist and pioneer of cell divsion, born
November 26, 1883 Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and orator, dies
December 22, 1883 Arthur Wergs Mitchell, politician, born
April 24, 1884 The Medico-Chirurgical Society, the oldest Black medical association in the US, formed in Washington DC
September 9, 1884 John R Lynch presides over Republican National Convention
November 6, 1884 William Wells Brown, novelist and dramatist, dies
January 24, 1885 Martin R Delaney, ethnologist, army officer and Black nationalist, dies
June 8, 1886 The First Civil Rights Act passed
June 29, 1886 James Van Der Zee, photographer, born in Lenox MA
September 13, 1886 Alain L Locke, philospher and first Black Rhodes Scholar, born
September 25, 1886 Peter "The Black Prince" Jackson wins the Australian heavyweight title, becoming the first Black man to win a national boxing crown
August 17, 1887 Marcus Garvey, Black Nationalist, born
October 7, 1887 Sargent Johnson, sculptor, born
October 11, 1887 A Miles patents the elevator
November 15, 1887 Granville T Woods patents this Synchronous Multiplier Railway Telgraph
May 14, 1888 Slavery abolished in Brazil
January 23, 1889 Dr Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer in surgery, founds Provident Hospital in Chicago, IL
April 15, 1889 A Philip Randolph, activist and labor leader, born
June 18, 1889 WH Richardson, inventor, patents children's carriage
September 16, 1889 Claude A Barnett, founder of the Associated Negro Press, born
September 16, 1889 William Foster, Negro Baseball League player, born

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January 7, 1890 WB Purvis, inventor, patents the fountain pen
January 12, 1890 Mordecai W Johnson, educator, born
March 31, 1890 George "Little Chocolate" Dixon, the first Black world champion in boxing, knocks out Cal McCarthy to become the first Black man to hold an American title in any sport
November 11, 1890 D McCree patents the portable fire escape
July 14, 1891 J Standard, inventor, awarded patent for his refrigerator
September 21, 1891 FW Leslie, inventor, patents the envelope seal
October 27, 1891 DB Downing, inventor, patents his street letter box
November 10, 1891 Granville T Woods patents the electric railway
December 2, 1891 Charles Wesley, historian, born
June 7, 1892 GJ Sampson receives patent for clothes dryer
June 7, 1892 Homer A Plessy refuses to move to segregated railroad coach in New Orleans, initiating Plessy v Ferguson
August 13, 1892 First issue of the Baltimore Afro-American Newspaper
October 24, 1892 25,000 Black workers strike in New Orleans
December 1, 1892 Minnie Evans, painter, born
December 6, 1892 Theodore Lawless, medicine pioneer, born
December 27, 1892 Biddle University (now Johnson C. Smith) defeats Livingstone College, in first intercollegiate football game between historically Black colleges
December 30, 1892 Dr Miles V Lynk, physician, publishes the first Black medical journal
January 26, 1893 Bessie Coleman, first Black American woman aviator, born
May 4, 1893 Cowboy Bill Pickett earns his title as inventor of "bull dogging"
July 9, 1893 Dr Daniel Hale Williams performs first succesful open heart surgery without anesthesia at Provident Hospital in Chicago
October 31, 1893 William Henry Lewis, football player, named All-American
November 22, 1893 Alrutheus A Taylor, teacher and historian, born
June 20, 1894 Dr Lloyd A Hall, pioneer in food chemistry, born in Illinois
August 29, 1894 E Franklin Fraiser, sociologist, born
May 11, 1895 William Still, composer, born
July 29, 1895 First National Convention of Black Women held in Boston MA
August 1, 1895 Benjamin E Mays, renowed educator and former president of Morehouse College, born
September 3, 1895 Charles Houston, NAACP leader, born
September 5, 1895 George Washington Murray elected to Congress from South Carolina
September 18, 1895 Booker T. Washington delivered the "Atlanta Compromise" speech at the Cotton States International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia
November 26, 1895 National Negro Medical Association founded
March 17, 1896 CB Scott, inventor, patents the street sweeper
April 15, 1896 Booker T Washington, educator, receives an honorary degree from Harvard University
May 18, 1896 Supreme Court upholds the "Seperate But Equal" doctrine in education and public accomodations in Plessy v Ferguson
July 21, 1896 Mary Church Terrell founds National Association of Colored Women in Washington, DC
October 31, 1896 Ethel Waters, actress and singer, born
November 3, 1896 JH Hunter patents the portable weighing scales
May 13, 1897 Sidney Bechet, jazz clarinetist, born
August 4, 1897 Henry Rucker appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for Georgia
August 17, 1897 WB Purvis, inventor, patents the electric railway switch
October 10, 1887 Elijah Muhammad, activst and religious leader of the Nation of Islam, born
November 23, 1897 Andrew J Beard patents the jerry coupler, still used today to connect railroad cars
November 23, 1897 JL Love patents the pencil sharpener
April 9, 1898 Paul Robeson, actor, singer, athelete and activist, born
May 27, 1898 Victoria E Matthews, educator, born
June 10, 1898 Hattie McDaniel, first Black person to win an Oscar (for Best Supporting Actress in Gone With The Wind, 1940), born
October 20, 1898 John Merrick organizes North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company
December 22, 1898 Dr Chancellor Williams, historian and author of Destruction of Black Civilization, born
December 24, 1898 Irwin C Mollison, first Black judge of the Customs Court, born
April 1, 1899 John Merrick opens North Carolina Mutual for business
April 11, 1899 Percy L Julian, chemist whose research helped create drugs for treatment of arthritis, born
April 29, 1899 "Duke" Ellington, musician and composer, born
May 9, 1899 AJ Burr patents the lawn mower
June 23, 1899 Pvt George Wanton cited for bravery at Tayabacoa Cuba in the Spanish-American War
July 1, 1899 Thomas Dorsey, the Father of Gospel Music, born in Villa Rica, GA
October 10, 1899 IR Johnson patents the bicycle frame
December 12, 1899 George F Grant, dentist, receives a patent for the wooden golf tee

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