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Typically,
the poem is subject to witty readings that recognize broad humor
and friendly jibes at the (ostensibly admired) muse/listener. If read
soberly, the text contrasts life’s unreliably shifting features
with the timeless ideal of love—a fixed certainty that Will equates
with his love’s (judgmental) face.
One epitome of
the text is this: “Now confident of my own values, which are tempered
by the absolute that you embody, I love you unchangingly. Neither art
nor life is dependable in any straightforward way, but your timeless perfection
delivers a Last Word that can’t be ignored.”
Legal
language includes “justice” (Q2 gust is,
a pun), “brief,” “bring me/brought to…,”
“state,” “tendered,” “records,” “politic,”
“audit,” and “answered must be.” Love’s
“brief” (4) is like a papal letter (OED 1460) or some official,
authoritative written statement (1641). As such it is “straight”
(9) and contrasts with the “bevel[ed]” things in the visible
world. The “audit” (13-14)—traditionally oral, as the
word implies—parallels this “brief” as another touchstone
utterance. But a “politic audit” also contrasts with
a dogmatic, pontifical “brief” (4). (Such contradictory readings
routinely offer forking-path options in Q’s Sonnets and Runes.)
“Audit…delayed” suggests the Last Judgment (1548).
The puns
“Herod” and “oddity” (initial in 14) help explain
the final, goddess-like personification—demanding, “artless,”
and “unseconded.” Like the “frowning” face of
love (5), she is a stern form who issues unequivocal pronouncements. Perhaps
this “she” alludes to Will’s Dark Lady—whose appearance
in Q is “delayed” until Sets X-XI.
An
eye motif (see 2, 5, 11) helps unify the poem, as does linked
architectural jargon including the elements “level,” “ruined,”
“built,” “straight,” “bevel,” and
“stands hugely.” Helping build the rune are repetitions
and contrasts that stand as figures for the Sonnets/Runes: e.g., “sea/mountain”
(paralleling “level/bevel,” “straight/bevel”)
and “day/night” (see 1, 5, 9); “built/ ruined”
( 7); and “[written] brief/[oral] audit” (4, 14).
Puns
and family jokes inject bawdy distractions. Family namewit includes
“The Mount Anne earthy, fetid eye, horny yet” (1); “M’
Annie Will knows, Anne [ = w = IN] Hath-way…” (2);
“Th’ resort o’ Judy, Ham S., roam you, a sibyl”
(10); “Hall—aye, John—stands hugely polled, I see […aye
sick]” (12); and “Erudite Anne [= et = and] huge,
daily wide, Anne S. wordy [weird] must be” (14). Puns occur on “butt,”“awl”
(e.g., 12), phallic “I” (9), and “muff” (14).
A representative pun is “wittiest bare-ass whores an’ dukes
/ be-ring me within the loo…” (4-5).
The OED helps
clarify obscure meanings, some of which are already glossed (above): “Gust
is greeing” (2) means “…taste is agreeing.” “Tendered”
(8) means both “offered” and “acted more tenderly.”
“To give them from me” (10) means “to rid myself of
[these ‘bevel’ items].” “Thy records” (11)
are both “the facts of your life” and “these poems.”
“Politic” (12) means skillfully contrived. “Seconds”
(13) suggests “inferiors” and “units of time.”
“Themselves” (9) points back to various skewed, crooked, slanted,
or sloped items—e.g., “mountain” (1) and the angled
“hours” on a sundial (4). These “bevel” things
are also the Runes, which the poet has “boldly” discarded
(10)—instances of “runèd love” that may be “built
anew” (7). Though the Sonnets are artfully “mixed with seconds”
(13)—with the discarded runic texts—Will’s pure love
for the friend is “straight “(9).
Puzzling
terms, tense shifts, and squeezed syntax force readers’
minds into a nimble mode.
Sample Puns
1)
The Mount Anne earthy see; “ear” th’ seedy, dear knight
(Nate); eye North easy; hid irony (iron I) jet
1-2)
Theme owe you: Antenor t’ Hesiod hied, e’er night
may nigh; knight my newel [post] knows; day or night, many will kin owe,
Swedes, Jews t’ eye
2) M’
Annie I well know, Sue, Hat-way thigh is gusty; Hathaway’s gift,
eye sugar; Hath-a-weighty; Hathaway, this Jew; W.H. ate witty “I,”
sickest, I succor inch; witty is justice; ’tis grange
2-3) sugary
engine eye; Hathaway’s juiced, eye sugar-engine, juice certain;
Many eye Will, kin owes W.H.—eyed with his gusty (juiced) “I,”
succoring W.H.; I seek ring-whinnies surd; is Grey injuring Jews, sir?
3)
I, W.S., seer t’ Anne; sea-art tiny, Orion see, art dainty; W.H.
Aeneas seared, aye
3-4) neo-runes
erred aye until oval tears Anne owed; When Jews hurt Anne, O-rune’s
hurt, Auntie Love alters
4) Lo,
veil tears not, witty sub-razor is handy, weak; Love-awl tears an “O,”
to wit, his breezy whore, Anne; Loo-altar, snot, wets…whore-ass
4-5) Sandwich
is baring mutant hell, evil o’ furious rune; dewy kiss be-ring,
mewed in the loo, lover’s rune
5) Bring
me witty John (Hen.) t’ hell evil; I entail evil over Pharaoh
5-6) F-row
end, B-row get, Tom, a dick in a healthful state [printing?];
tender you eye needle (nettle) o’ W.H.
5-7) over
surrounding débris, T.T. emits anal thistle tight and
round
6) Anne
B-row jet, tome dicing; rude Tommy dice, anneal (anal); “Medician”
ale
6-7)
Titan dour you eye; tight, handy rune’d low “W.H.”
7) oven
eye…; W.H., knight, is billed anew (built an ewe); a knight’s
bullied, an ewe; eye sibyl tan; knight, eye subtlety anew
7-8) Anne—wan,
disowned—owes you, Tommy T.; Hen eyed Isabel, tan, wan
8) Eye
Sue, too, maiden ten dread; knight owes you tome thin, tendered; to you
issued homme thin
8-9) end
ready may be straight t’ haughty Tom’s leaves (loos, loose
baby vile); Thin,10, dread “I” may be straight, though th’
eyed Ham. S. else be bevel (hell see, babe evil); Tommy’d intend
t’ redeem Bess t’ write
9)
I may be straight, thou Judy-themes loose be bevel (babe evil); see leaves’
Babel; silly ass be Baal
9-10)
see leaves be Bible t’ Hereford; t’ Ham S., elves babble,
therefore to Judy, Ham is Remus (…babble airs, orate o’ Judy,
Ham is Romeo’s sibyl); babe evil t’ Hereford; veiled, hear
fart o’ Judy, Ham S.; the eye-themes be bailed here—forty
of Judy/Ham, of Rome
10) Therefore
two, Judy/Ham, form a muse aye bold (I behold); Judy/Ham from me was,
I be old; Gaudeamus Remus eyeballed
10-11) I’ve
theme: If Rome mew sibyl, deferred here see our descent; Therefore, too,
Judith/Ham. from me was eye-balled for thy records, Anne, deux,
Hathaway seed o’ th’ lie [suggesting a sex act]; Remus eye-balled
fort
11) t’
Herrick, whore, descend; Farty wrecker, Dis and twat we seed oddly; Fart
Harry chords unto Hathaway; see Dudley; Anne Twat-way see dawdle
11-12) th’
labia t’ Hall, all wan, is tan Dis huge, lip old
12) But awl
(butt-hole) all wan stands hugely politic (pole, it I seek)
12-13) huge
Leopold lady seek, W.H.; eye sick witch’s knot; Pole-ladies’
queue ages note
13) eye snot
mixed with fecund Dis; An “O’s” no art; W.H., aye cheese
in Edom (autumn) I X’d
13-14) fecund
Dis know, snort hear, oddity, sea toad allayed, land is weird, musty bay;
kin o’ W.S., North erred
14) Erudite
thought elide; …allayed Anne; Eli, Dan; Herod eyed it, huge delight:
Anne-sword (Anne’s word) muffed be; th’ odd lay, dance we
heard, hymn used “To be” (used to be); Erudite totally (total
lie), Dane’s word mews “To be”; herd mufti be
Acrostic Wit
The
downward acrostic codeline—TM WL BAAAIT FB WH—ends
with the initials, WH, that appear on Q’s cryptic dedication page.
Sample decodings include these: “Tom, Will, Betty, Fop W.H.,”
“Tom, Will beat (bait), fob [deceive, take in] W.H. [John Hall and/or
Harry Southampton],” “Tom will beat (bait, bite) Fop W.H.,”
“Tom, Will, bitty fop W.H.,” “Tom, Will, be 80…,”
“Tom, Will, 8 [in.], 8 [in.]; 4 [in.] be W. H. [F=S],” “Tee!
Mule-bait fob [deceive] W.H.,” “To mew [i.e., coop up, own
as a caged possession] labia tough, be W.H.,” and “Willobie
eye t’ sate [F=S, B=8] W.H.”
The
upward (reverse) codeline—HW B F T I A A A B LWMT—“H.W.,
be of tabby [brindled silk] loomed,” “H.W. be fit [stanza]
A, I aye eye B loomed,” “You: beef, tabby loo-mountain,”
“Ewe, beef, tabby loomed [i.e., woven into this texture],”
“Hew beef, table Wm. tea,” “H.W. be, of type, loo empty,”
“H.W. be, for Tabby, low mountain,” “H.W. be stable
[F=S], Wm. cross [=T, Tau],” “H.W. be for Tabby loomed,”
“H.W. be f---, Tabby lament,” and “H.W., be-f--k Tabby,
limited [limned, cf. ‘lined’ as ‘striped’].”
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