OBJECTIVES
1. Know the main events in the history of intelligence test development.
2. Understand the basic features of good assessment methods:
reliability, validity, and standardization.
3. Understand the concept of the IQ: what it is, how it is measured, what it predicts, what its causes are, and how it can be used and misused.
4. Know how IQ measures relate to mental retardation and intellectual giftedness.
5. Know the three parts of Sternberg's "triarchic theory" of intelligence.
6. Describe the results of Terman's study of intellectual giftedness.
7. Explain several criteria of creativity, and how it may be measured.
KEY CONCEPTS
intelligence: definition
eugenics movement
reliability:
test-retest method
validity:
criterion,
predictive
standardization:
standardization sample or group,
norms,
scoring and administration
mental age
chronological age
intelligence quotient (IQ):
ratio formula,
deviation formula
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Wechsler Scales: WISC-R, WAIS-R, WPPSI
normal curve percents for IQ
IQ correlations among twins and others
relation of birth order to IQ
relation of race to IQ
mental retardation
intellectual giftedness
cultural bias in IQ tests
effects of early stimulation on IQ scores
Spearman's "g" and "s" factors
Thurstone's primary mental abilities
Guilford's structure-of-intellect model
triarchic theory: componential, contextual, experiential intelligences
Gardner's seven "frames of mind"
correlates of giftedness (Terman study)
personal factors related to creativity
convergent vs. divergent production
relation of creativity and intelligence
KEY NAMES
Francis Galton
Alfred Binet
Lewis Terman
David Wechsler
Charles Spearman
Louis Thurstone
J. P. Guilford
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
Robert Zajonc
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the organization of the nervous system.
2. Describe the parts and the function of the neuron, and explain how different types of neurons function in a reflex arc.
3. Explain how neural impulses are transmitted both within a single neuron and from one neuron to another.
4. Describe the operation of the endocrine system, listing the major endocrine glands and the effects each has on the body.
5. Discuss the various methods used in studying the relationships between the brain and behavior.
6. List the major regions and divisions of the brain, identify their locations, and describe their functions.
7. Describe the effects of split-brain surgery, and distinguish between the functions of the left and right hemispheres.
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
receptor cells
effector cells
neurons
central nervous system (CNS)
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
nerves
sensory (afferent) nerves
motor (efferent) nerves
interneurons
reflex arc
glial cells
cell body
dendrites
axon
myelin sheath
microelectrode
nerve (neural) impulse
resting potential
sodium pump
action potential
refractory periods
myelin sheath
white matter
gray matter
nodes of Ranvier
all-or-none law
graded potentials
law of forward conduction
synapse
axon terminal
synaptic knobs
excitatory synapses
inhibitory synapses
neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, endorphins
endocrine glands: pituitary,
adrenals, gonads
lesions
hindbrain
brain stem (medulla, pons)
reticular activating system
cerebellum
midbrain
hypothalamus
thalamus
forebrain
cerebral hemispheres
limbic system
hippocampus
amygdala
septal area
cerebral cortex
central and lateral fissures
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex
Broca's area and aphasia
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex
temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex
Wernicke's area and aphasia
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
association areas
corpus callosum
electroencophalograph
brain scanners: PET, MRI, CAT
lateralized functions (left brain and right brain specialization)
split-brain studies
electrical stimulation of the brain
KEY NAMES
Roger Sperry
Michael Gazzaniga
Jose Delgado
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